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are formed

Толкование Перевод

1 μιμνήσκω

μιμνήσκω (not [suff] μιμν-ήσκω, v. infr.), [tense] fut. μνήσω: [tense] aor. ἔμνησα: causal Verb, formed in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. from μέμνημαι as πιπράσκω from πέπραμαι:—

A remind, put in mind, μνήσει δέ σε καὶ θεὸς αὐτός Od.12.38
; τινος of a thing, ἐπεί μ' ἔμνησας ὀϊζύος 3.103
; τῶν σ' αὖτις μνήσω Il.15.31
, cf. 1.407; μηδέ με τούτων μίμνησκ' Od.14.169
, cf. Thgn.1123, Theoc.15.36.

II ἔμνασεν ἑστίαν πατρῴαν.. νικῶν recalled it to memory, made it famous, Pi.P.11.13.—[voice] Act. is mostly [dialect] Ep., used once in Trag. (lyr.), E.Alc. 878: compds. with ἀνα- or ὑπο- were preferred in Prose.

B [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. [full] μιμνήσκομαι, imper. - ήσκεο Il.22.268: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. μιμνήσκοντο 13.722
(the [tense] pres. only in later Prose, Pl.Ax. 368a, D.H.1.13, Plu.2.653b; μέμνημαι serving as [tense] pres. in early writers): other tenses are formed from the stem μνη- (v. μνάομαι): [tense] fut. μνήσομαι Od.7.192
, Sapph.32; μνησθήσομαι Hdt.6.19
, E.Med. 933, etc.; also μεμνήσομαι Il.22.390
, Od.19.581, Hdt.8.62, E.Hipp. 1461, Pl.Phlb. 31b, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐμνησάμην, inf. μνήσασθαι Od.4.331
, Tyrt.12.1, Hdt. 7.39; rare in Trag., as S.OT 564; [dialect] Ep. μνησάσκετο Il.11.566
; Trag. also ἐμνήσθην (used by Hom. only in Od.4.118), S.El. 373, etc.; [dialect] Aeol. ἐμνάσθην Sapph.Supp.4.11
: [tense] pf. μέμνημαι, [dialect] Aeol. μέμναιμαι Alc. Supp.28.6
, in [dialect] Att. always in [tense] pres. sense, as also freq. in Hom.; [ per.] 2sg. μέμνηαι Il.21.442
, μέμνῃ 15.18
; imper. μέμνησο, [dialect] Dor. μέμνᾱσο Epich. 250
, etc., [dialect] Ion. μέμνεο Hdt.5.105
; subj. μέμνωμαι -ώμεθα Od.14.168
, S.OT49; [dialect] Ion. - εώμεθα Archil.(?) in PLit.Lond.54.4; opt. μεμνῄμην Il.24.745
, - ῇτο Ar.Pl. 991
(μεμνῇο, -ῇτο shd. prob. be read for -ῷο or - οῖο, -ῷτο in X.An.1.7.5, Cyr.1.6.3, and μεμνοῖτο is dub. in Crates Com.50); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. μεμνέῳτο Il.23.361
; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. μεμναίατο Pi. Fr.94
; inf. μεμνῆσθαι; [dialect] Aeol. imper. μέμναισο Sapph.Supp.23.8
; part. μεμνημένος: [tense] plpf. ἐμεμνήμην Isoc. 12.35
; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. ἐμεμνέατο Hdt.2.104
:— remind oneself of a thing, call to mind:—Constr.: sts. c. acc., remember, Τυδέα δ' οὐ μέμνημαι Il.6.222
, cf. 9.527, Od.14.168, S.OT 1057, Pl.Lg. 633d, D.44.7; esp. with relat. clause following, μ. τὸν στόλον ὡς ἔπρηξε Hdt.7.18
; μέμνησο δ' ἀμφίβληστρον ὡς ἐκαίνισας A.Ch. 492
; μ. τὸν Εὐφραῖον, οἷ' ἔπαθεν D.9.61
; also μέμνησο ἐκεῖνο, ὅτι .. X.Cyr.2.4.25; μεμνώμεθα ταῦτα περὶ ἀμφοῖν, ὅτι .. Pl. Phlb. 31a: more freq. c. gen., φίλου μεμνήσομ' ἑταίρου Il.22.390
; τοῦ ποτε μεμνήσεσθαι ὀΐομαι Od.19.581
; οὐδὲ παῖδος οὐδὲ φίλων τοκήων οὐδὲν ἐμνάσθη Sapph.Supp.
l. c., cf. Hdt.8.62, E.Hipp. 1461, etc.; also μεμνημένος ἀμφ' Ὀδυσῆϊ Od.4.151
; ἀμφὶ Διώνυσον.. μνήσομαι h.Hom. 7.2
; περὶ πομπῆς μνησόμεθα Od.7.192
:—[voice] Pass., to be remembered (not in early Prose), τὰ παραπτώματα οὐ μνησθήσεται LXX Ez.18.22
; αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου ἐμνήσθησαν Act.Ap.10.31
, cf. Apoc.16.19.

2 c. inf., μέμνηντο γὰρ αἰεὶ ἀλλήλοις.. ἀλεξέμεναι Il.17.364
; μέμνησο δ' εἴκειν A.Supp. 202
; μέμνησο δάκνειν, διαβάλλειν Ar.Eq. 495
; μεμνήσθω ἀγαθὸς ἀνὴρ εἶναι X.An.3.2.39
; μέμνησθέ μοι μὴ θορυβεῖν Pl.Ap. 27b
.

3 after Hom., c. part., θνατὰ μεμνάσθω περιστέλλων μέλη let him remember that he clothes, Pi.N.11.15; μέμνημαι κλύων I remember hearing, A.Ag. 830; μεμνήμεθα ἐλθόντες E.Hec. 244
; μ. ἀκούσας X.Cyr.1.6.3
, etc.: folld. by a relat., μέμνησ', ὅπως εὖ μοι στομώσεις αὐτόν Ar.Nu. 1107
.

4 abs., ἀφ' οὗ Ἕλληνες μέμνηνται Th.2.8
, cf. 5.66: [tense] pf. part. μεμνημένος in commands, ὧδέ τις.. μεμνημένος ἀνδρὶ μαχέσθω let him fight with good heed, let him remember to fight, Il.19.153, cf. 5.263, Hes.Op. 422, etc.

II make mention of, c. gen., τῶν νῦν μοι μνῆσαι Od.4.331
; Μοῦσαι, μνησαίαθ' ὅσοι ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον (i. e. τῶν, ὅσοι) Il.2.492; also μνήσασθαι περί τινος Hdt.7.39
: freq. in [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. μνησθῆναι, Od.4.118, S.Ph. 310; μνησθῆναι περί τινος Hdt. 1.36
, cf. 9.45; περί τινος ἔς τινα Th.8.47
, cf. 1.10, 37, etc.; μνησθεὶς ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰρήνης D.18.21
; μ. τινὸς πρός τινα Lys.1.19
: later c. dat. pers., recall to one's memory, remind, ἐμνήσθην σοι καὶ παρόντι περί .. PLille12.1 (iii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen.122.7, al. (iii B. C.): rarely c. acc., ταῦτα καὶ μακάρων ἐμέμναντ' ἀγοραί Pi.I.8(7).29
: abs., μευ μεμναμένω εἰ φιλέεις με mentioning your name to see if.., Theoc.3.28.

III give heed to, πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος Od.18.267
; μ. βρώμης give heed to food, 10.177; ὡς μεμνέῳτο δρόμου (v.l. δρόμους ) that he might give heed to the running, Il.23.361; μ. χάρμης, δαιτός, σίτου, 4.222, Od.20.246, Il.24.129; μεμνᾶσθαι πολέμου τε καὶ μάχας B.17.58
; ἀοιδᾶς Pi.Fr.94
. ([dialect] Aeol. [full] μιμναίσκω (not μιμνᾴσκω) Hdn.Gr.2.79, 178; but [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Att. [full] μιμνήσκω without ι, PCair.Zen. 15v.35 (iii B. C., ὑπο-), Inscr.Magn.16.27 (early ii B. C., [ ἀνα-]), SIG 704E18 (Delph., late ii B. C., ὑπο-), Did.in An.Ox.1.196; cogn. with Lat. memini, etc.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μιμνήσκω
2 συγκρίνω

συγκρίνω [pron. full] [ῑ],

A bring into combination or aggregation, opp. διακρίνω, Emp. ap. Arist.Metaph. 985a24, cf. 984a10, Epich.[245]; σ. [τὴν ὄψιν] Pl.Ti. 67d, cf. Ti.Locr.101c; τὰ συγκρινόμενα bodies which are formed by combination, Anaxag.4, cf. Pl.Phd. 72c, Prm. 157a; συνεκρίθη, συνέστη Hp.Epid.6.2.25
; συγκρίνεσθαι εἰς ὕδωρ, of vapour, Arist.Mete. 370a30, cf. 350a13; ἐξ οὗ συνεκρίθη of which it was formed, Placit.5.3.1(nisi leg. ἀπεκρίθη).

2 combine,
συγκρινόμενος τούτοις καὶ ὁ Ἑρμῆς
Cat.Cod. Astr.
2.164
.

II compare, τι πρός τι Arist.Rh. 1368a21
, Pol. 1295a27, cf. Thphr.CP1.8.2, Philem.109; κάλυκας βάτῳ AP12.204
(Strat.); ἑαυτόν τινι Plu.CG4
, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.10.12; σ. τι ἐκ παραθέσεως Plb.12.9.1
; σ. τὰ λεγόμενα compare and examine them, Id.14.3.7, cf. Arist. EN 1165a32; μή με τάφῳ σύγκρινε do not measure, estimate me by my tomb, AP7.137:—[voice] Pass., ὁ Ἐπικούρου βίος τοῖς τῶν ἄλλων -όμενος Epicur.Sent.Vat.36
:—[voice] Med., measure oneself with another, strive or contend, τινι D.S.4.14; εἰς ἅμιλλαν Id.1.58
; a usage censured by Luc.Sol.5, Thom.Mag. p.345 R.

III interpret, τὰ λεγόμενα Plb. 14.3.7
, cf. 1 Ep.Cor.2.13; esp. σ. ἐνύπνια interpret dreams, LXX Ge.40.8, al.

IV decree, ζημίας, ἧς ἂν ὁ στρατηγὸς συγκρίνῃ PPetr.3p.69
(iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen.355.102, al. (iii B.C.); decide, ib.371.14 (iii B.C.); τί ποιήσωσιν LXX Nu.15.34
; ἐν τόπῳ ὃν ἂν -κρίνῃ ὁ ἀρχιτέκτων Inscr.Prien.119.25
(i B.C.); also εἰς ὃν ἂν σ. τ. ὁ ἀ. ib.107.44 (ii B.C.); give judgement, c. inf., PEnteux.62.11 (iii B.C.), PFay. 12.30 (ii B.C.):—[voice] Pass., ἐπιτελέσαι καθότι συγκέκριται BGU1827.13
(i B.C.); τῶν συγκεκριμένων ἀπαιτεῖν α (ἔτους) ἐκφόριον the lands for which it has been decided to demand one year's rent, PTeb.61 (b).1 (ii B.C.); ἡ συγκριθησομένη τροφή which shall be adjudged, OGI56.71 (Canopus, iii B.C.); ὅσον ἂν συγκριθῇ ἱκανὸν εἶναι δίδοσθαι Sammelb. 7450.11
(iii B.C.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συγκρίνω
3 υἱός

υἱός, ὁ (written ϝηιός in

A Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1931.103
(Nemea, vi B. C.)), declined regul. υἱοῦ, υἱῷ, υἱόν, but in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. only after 350 B.C. (exc. υἱός IG12.529
,530, 598, 625; ὑός ib. 585, 828; ὑόνib.70.8), and then always so: —in earlier [dialect] Att. and other Inscrr. inflected as a [pron. full] ῠ- stem (like πῆχυς), nom. υἱύς (written huihus) Klein Vasen mit Meister-signaturen 72 (Brit.Mus.Cat. 701) ( ὑύς IG12.571
, 670, 686; [var] contr. ὕς ib.663); gen. υἱέος ( ὑέος IG22.4883
); dat. υἱεῖ: dual υἱεῖ Lys.19.46
, written ηυιε in IG12.775 (corrupted to υἱέε in Pl.Ap. 20a cod. B), υἱέοιν: pl. υἱεῖς ( ὑεῖς IG12.115.14
, al.), υἱέων, υἱέσι (S.Ant. 571, Ar. Nu. 1001 (anap.)), ὑέ[σιν] (IG12.54.14), υἱεῖς ( ὑεῖς IG22.1.73
): but gen. υἱέως, and acc. υἱέα, υἱέας, which are formed as though from nom. Υἱεύς, are rejected by Phryn.48,49, Thom.Mag.p.367 R., as not [dialect] Att., though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα Euph. 5
, Arr.Cyn.16, ὑέα IG42(1).244.4
(Epid., ii B. C.), but υἱέως is f. l. in Th.1.13, J.AJ18.2.4, etc.): dat. pl. υἱεῦσιν is mentioned as a form that would be regular by Eust.1348.27:—Homer uses nom. υἱός (very freq.); gen. υἱοῦ only in Od.22.238, elsewh. υἱέος; dat. υἱέϊ or υἱεῖ; acc. υἱέα Il.13.350
(cf. IGRom.4.360.29 (Pergam., hex.)), elsewh. υἱόν (very freq.): pl., nom. υἱέες Il.5.10
, al., or υἱεῖς Od.15.248
, 24.387, 497; gen. υἱῶν Il.21.587
, 22.44, Od.24.223; dat. υἱοῖσι ([etym.] ν ) only Od.19.418, υἱάσι ([etym.] ν) Il.5.463, al. (never υἱέσι); acc. υἱέας ib. 149, al.:— he also uses the shorter forms, gen. υἷος, υἷι, υἷα, dual υἷε (distd. from the voc. sg. υἱέ by the accent), pl. υἷες, υἷας; but these were confined to [dialect] Ep.: their accentuation (in which codd. agree with Hdn.Gr.1.409) may preserve a trace of their Aeolic origin (v. infr.). The declension υἱῆος, υἱῆϊ, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας (like βασιλῆος, etc., as though from Υἱεύς), belongs solely to later [dialect] Ep. poets, as A.R.2.1093, 1119, Nic.Fr.110, AP9.23 (Antip.), etc. Dialect Inscrr. have the foll. archaic forms, nom. υἱύς IG5
(1).720 ([dialect] Lacon.), Leg.Gort.12.17 ( υιυις lapis); acc. υἱύν Inscr.Olymp.30
, Leg.Gort.10.15; gen. υἱέος ib.6.3, Schwyzer 105 (Methana, vi B. C.); but υἱοῦ IG9(1).867
(Corc., vii B. C.); nom. pl. υἱέες Leg.Gort.7.25
; acc. pl. υἱύνς ib. 4.40, IG12.407 (Cret. or Argive); dat. pl. υἱάσι Leg.Gort.4.37
(as in Hom., influenced by θυγατράσι, πατράσι, which have ρα = ṛ, cf. Skt. pitṛ[snull ]u); ὑέεσσι IG14.10
(Syrac.); υἷος in SIG55 (Thessaly, v B. C.) is perh. the [dialect] Aeol. gen. ( ὑός is nom. rather than gen. in IG12.828); acc. ὗα Schwyzer 625
(Mytil., ii/i B. C.); a nom. ὑϊς (scanned - ?υἱόςX) IG12.472 (Boeotia, vi B. C.), cf. Simon.249 (v. infr.); nom. pl. ὗες IG22.3632.24
(hex., Eleusis, ii A. D.). The initial syll. is both υἱ- and ὑ- in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. down to 400 B.C. (e. g. ὑεῖς IG12.115.14
, ὑέ[σιν] ib.54.14, ὑόν v. supr.), afterwards ὑ-, but υἱός reappears under the Empire; in Plato cod. A usually has ὑιος, which is found also in T, cod. B always has υἱός, editors restore ὑός; acc. υἱόν is recommended by Phryn. l. c.; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, ὑός is at all times less common than υἱός:— ὁ υεἱός CIG (add.) 3857p; dat. υεἱῷ ib.3846z82 (both Phrygia), cf. BCH11.471:—son, Il.6.366, etc.; υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα to adopt as a son, Aeschin.2.28; υἱεῖς ἄνδρες grown-up sons, D. 25.88: metaph., Κόρον Ὕβριος υἱόν Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: rarely of animals, Ev.Matt.21.5.

2 periphr., υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, for Ἀχαιοί, Il. 1.162, al.; cf. παῖς 1.3
.

3 generally, child, and so υἱ. ἄρρην male child, Apoc.12.5, PSI9.1039.36 (iii A. D.).

4 freq. in LXX in periphrases (Hebraisms with various meanings), υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑκατόν 100
years old, Ge.11.10, al.; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας 2 Ki.7.10
; υἱοὶ θανατώσεως 1 Ki. 26.16
;
υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίζεων
hostages, 4 Ki.14.14
; so υἱὸς εἰρήνης Ev.Luc.10.6
.

5 in some dialects, including the [dialect] Ion. Prose of Hdt., υἱός is replaced by παῖς: υἱός is rare in Trag., A.Th. 609, Fr. 320, E.Or. 1689 (anap.), al., and 7 times in S.: Hom. has both words in this sense.

6 as a general term of affection, PGiss.68.2 (ii A. D.), POxy.1219.2 (iii A. D.); υἱέ, an author's address to the reader, LXX Pr.1.8, al.

7 δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος, as titles of honour, SIG804.10 (Cos, i A. D.), 813A,B (Delph., i A. D.), 854 (Eleusis, i A. D.).

8 υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων sons of men, periphr. for men (cf. supr. 2,4), LXXPs.89(90).3; οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ. ib.Ge.11.5, Ev.Marc.3.28;
υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
man, LXXEz.2.1
,3, al.; of the Messiah, ib.Da.7.13, Apoc.14.14; used by Jesus of himself, Ev.Matt.8.20, al. (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, Act.Ap.7.56).

9 υἱοὶ Θεοῦ sons of God, implying inheritors of the nature of God (cf. supr. 4), Ev.Matt.5.9, cf. 45, Ev.Luc.6.35; implying participants in the glory of God, ib.20.36.

b of Jesus, τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ ib. 1.35; ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, Ev.Matt.26.63, cf.Ev.Jo.1.34.

c Θεοῦ υἱός, = Lat. Divi (sc. Caesaris) filius, patronymic of Augustus, BGU543.3 (27 B.C.), PTeb.382.21 (i B. C.), IG12(3).174.2 (Epist. ad Cnidios, 5 A. D.). [Hom.sts. has the first syll. short in nom., voc. and acc. sg., οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός Il.6.130
; Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός Od.11.270
; Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος Il.17.575
, cf. 590; Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱόν 4.473
; Σελάγου υἱόν 5.612
; Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο 7.47
; and Πηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱός seem to be the better readings in 1.489, 2.566: in these places some other form ought perh. to be restored, but none of the known forms has a short [pron. full] ῠ: ὑός has [pron. full] ῡ in IG12.585 (vi B. C.), 828 (v B. C.), 2.2338, 22.4319 (both iv B. C.); Simon.l.c. seems to have used a monosyll. nom. υἷς, and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as ὕις ([etym.] ?υἱόςX?υἱόςX), but this is uncertain, as in Sch.Il.5.266 he seems to say that ὕις ( υἷις cod.) does not occur.] (Prob. from *sū-yú-s, cf. Skt. sūte 'procreate', Tocharian (A-dial.) se, (B-dial.) soyä 'son'; different suffix in *sū-nu-s, Skt. sūnūs, etc., and in *s[ucaron]-nu-s, OE. sunu, etc. (all = son); *sūyú- perh. became *s[ucaron]wyú-, then *suiwú-; υἱός and υἱόν perh. by dissimilation from υἱύς υἱύν, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; ὗϊς ([etym.] ὑΐς) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of υἷος υἷι υἷες etc. is uncertain.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > υἱός
4 τετραίνω

τετραίνω ([tense] pres. in compd.

A συν- A.Ch. 451
(lyr.), Hdt.2.11); [tense] fut. τετρᾰνῶ Kourouniotes Ἐλευσινιακά i 190
(iv B.C.); [dialect] Ion. [tense] fut. τετρᾰνέω ([etym.] δια-) Hdt.3.12: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. τέτρηνα, the only tense used by Hom.; [dialect] Att. inf. τετ ρᾶναι IG12.372E8
, 22.1678 a A5; part. ἐν-τετράνας ib. 1665.18, 1672.176:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐτετρηνάμην Gal.UP15.6
, ([etym.] δι-) Ar. Th.18:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐτετράνθην Lyc.781
, AP (v. infr.). Other tenses are formed from stem τρη- (never τρᾱ-), [tense] fut. τρήσω Lyc.665
: [tense] aor. ἔτρησα Hp.Morb.2.28
, LXX 4 Ki.12.9, IG7.3073.71 (Lebad., ii B.C.), etc., ([etym.] συν-) Pl.Ti. 91a, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐτρησάμην ([etym.] δι-) Gal.4.708:— [voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐτρήθην Gp.5.33.7
, ([etym.] ἀν-) Trypho ap.Ath.4.182e: [tense] pf. τέτρημαι (v. infr.): [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3pl. τετρήατο Emp.84.9
. A [tense] pres. [full] τιτραίνω occurs in Thphr.HP5.4.5 ([voice] Pass.), with an [tense] aor. ἐτίτρᾱνα ib.2.7.6, 5.4.5: [ per.] 3pl. im [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. τετρήνοντο in Call.Dian. 244 is f.l. for τετρήναντο or τετραίνοντο, and τετρήνεται in Hp.Nat.Puer.17 f.l. for τετραίν-. The [tense] pres. [full] τιτράω first in [voice] Pass. τιτρᾶται Hero Spir.2.35
, Dsc.5.75, Hsch.; [ per.] 2sg. [tense] pres. imper. [voice] Act. τίτ ρα PHolm.4.40
: the [tense] pres. [full] τίτρημι first in [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. κατα-τίτρησι Gal.13.937
; [tense] pres. part. nom. sg. fem. τιτρᾶσα Id.UP16.6
; nom. pl. δια-τιτράντεα D.C.69.12
. The compds. with διά and σύν are more used than the simple Verb; cf. also those with κατά, ἀνά, ἐν, and ἐκ:—bore through, pierce, perforate, ποδῶν τέτρηνε τένοντε Il.22.396
; τέτρηνα δὲ πάντα τερέτρῳ Od.23.198
, cf. 5.247:—[voice] Pass., πυκιναῖς τέτρηνται ἄλοξιν Emp.100.3
; λίθος τετρημένος Hdt.2.96
; ὁ οὐρανὸς τέτρηται has holes in it, Id.4.158; τέτρηται δικτύου πλέον (Ahrens for τέτρωται) A.Ag. 868; τέτρηνται, of the urinary passage, v.l. in Hp.Aër.9; ὥσπερ κόσκινον τέτ ρηται Ar.Fr. 480
; ὁ τετρημένος πίθος, v. πίθος 1.2; [Χάσμα] δι' ὅλης τῆς γῆς τετρημένον Pl.Phd.11
2a; κοιλίαι εἰς τὸν πλεύμονα τετρ. Arist.HA 496a22; τετρανθεὶς αὐλός AP6.296
(Leon.). (Cf. τέρετ ρον, τερηδών.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τετραίνω
5 ἄνωγα

ἄνωγα, old [dialect] Ep. [tense] pf. with [tense] pres. sense: ἄνωγα, -ας, -ε, without augm., Il. and Trag., Hdt.3.81; [ per.] 1pl.

A ἄνωγμεν h.Ap. 528
: imper. ἄνώγε E.Or. 119
, more freq. ἄνωχθι Il.23.158
, A.Ch. 772, E.Alc. 1044; [ per.] 3sg. ἀνωγέτω Od.2.195
, ἀνώχθω Il.11.189
; [ per.] 2pl. ἀνώγετε Od.23.132
, ἄνωχθε 22.437
, E.Rh. 987; subj. ἀνώγῃ Il.7.74
, Hdt.7.104, ἀνώγωμεν Herod.3.31
; inf. ἀνωγέμεν Il.13.56
; part. ἀνώγουσα Herod.7.101
: [tense] plpf. with[tense] impf. sense, [ per.] 3sg. ἠνώγει Il.6.170
, S.OC 1598; withoutaugm. ἀνώγει Od.2.385
; [dialect] Ion. ἠνώγεα ib.9.44, 17.55:—but ἀνώγει in Il.6.439, 19.102, Od.5.139, 357, Hes. Th. 549, Hdt.7.104 is pres, in sense, and must be referred to [tense] pres. [full] ἀνώγω (unless corrected to ἄνωγεν); also [ per.] 2 dual ἀνώγετον Il.4.287
, and (later) [ per.] 2sg. ἀνώγεις Q.S.13.238
:— from this [tense] pres. are formed [tense] impf. ἤνωγον Il.9.578
, Od.14.237, or ἄνωγον Il.5.805
, Od.3.35, etc.; ἤνωγες Maiist.17
; ἤνωγε h.Cer. 297
, Hes.Op.68; [ per.] 3pl. ἄνωγον Inscr.Cypr.135
H.: [tense] fut. ἀνώξω Od.16.404
: [tense] aor. ἤνωξα Hes.Sc. 479
; subj. ἀνώξομεν, [dialect] Ep. for -ωμεν, Il.15.295; inf. ἀνῶξαι Od.10.531
. Il.7.394, the [tense] impf. ἠνώγεον implies [tense] pres. ἀνωγέω:—[voice] Pass., ἄνωκται· κελεύεται, Hsch.:—poet. and [dialect] Ion. Verb, also in Cypr., Inscr.Cypr. l.c., command, order, esp. of kings and masters, Il.5.899, etc.; also of equals and inferiors, advise, urge, 16.8, Od.2.195, etc.: constr. c. acc. pers. et inf., σιωπᾶν λαὸν ἀνώγει bade the people keep silence, Il.2.280, cf. 4.287, etc.; πατὴρ ἄνωγέ σ'.. αὐδᾶν A.Pr. 947
, cf. 1037, etc.; πράσσειν ἄνωγας οὖν με.. τάδε; S.Tr. 1247
; σιγᾶν ἄνωγα (sc. σε) Id.El. 1458: in Hom. also c. dat. pers., Od.10.531, 20.139 sq., cf. A.R.1.693: c. acc. pers. only, θυμὸς ἄνωγέ με my spirit bids, prompts me, freq. in Hom.: abs., ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει Il.15.43
; κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα Od.3.317
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄνωγα
6 ἐκτυπόω

ἐκτῠπ-όω,

A model or work in relief, ἐν τῷ βάθρῳ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἔργα ἐξετύπωσεν X.Eq.1.1
:—[voice] Pass., οἱ ἐν στήλαις ἐκτετυπωμένοι Pl.Smp. 193a
, cf. Ti. 50d; οἱ ἐκτυπωθέντες these who are formed on this model, Isoc. 13.18; to be shaped, ἐν τῇ διεξόδῳ Hp.Prorrh.2.4
; εἰς τὸν Πρίαπον Porph.
ap. Eus.PE3.11; of the foetus, Agath.4.25.

II metaph. in [voice] Med., ἐκτυποῦσθαί τι εἰς ὕδωρ, etc., form an image of a thing in.., Pl.Tht. 206d, cf. Lg. 775d.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκτυπόω
7 ἐλαχύς

ἐλαχύς, ἐλάχεια (not - εῖα, Hdn.Gr.1.249), ἐλαχύ,

A small, short, mean, little: old [dialect] Ep.Positive, whence ἐλάσσων, ἐλάχιστος are formed: in early [dialect] Ep. only fem., h.Ap. 197, v.l. in Od.9.116, 10.509 (v. λάχεια): in later [dialect] Ep., Archyt.Amphiss.2, Euph.11, Nic.Th. 324, Opp.C.3.480, Nonn.D.37.314: neut. ἐλαχὺ σκάφος AP7.498
(Antip.). (leg[ uglide]h- or leng[ uglide]h-, cf. Lat. leuis, Lith. leñgvas 'light'.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐλαχύς
8 ἐρύω

ἐρύω (A), Il.4.467, al., [dialect] Ion. [full] εἰρύω, [dialect] Dor. [full] ϝερύω (v. infr.): [dialect] Ep. inf. εἰρύμεναι [pron. full] [ῠ] Hes.Op. 818: [tense] impf.

A εἴρυον Mosch.2.14
, ἔρυον Il.12.258
, ἐρύεσκον Nonn.D.43.50
: [tense] fut. ἐρύω Il.11.454
, al., ἐρύσω Opp.H.5.375
; [dialect] Ep. ἐρύσσω Orph.L.35
, Nonn.D.17.183 : [tense] aor. εἴρῠσα Od.2.389
, Hdt. 2.136 (in Hdt. εἴρυσα takes the place of εἵλκυσα), ἔρῠσα Il.5.573
; εἴρυσσα 3.373
, Od.8.85 ; lengthd. ἐρύσασκε ([etym.] ἐξ-) Il.10.490; imper. εἴρυσον S.Tr. 1033
(hex.), [dialect] Dor. ϝερυσάτω (dub. sens.) BCH50.15 (Delphi, iv B.C.); subj. ἐρύσω Il.17.230
, εἰρύσω Hp.Morb.2.8
, etc.; [ per.] 2sg. ἐρύσσῃς Il.5.110
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. ἐρύσσομεν (for - ωμεν) 14.76, 17.635 ; opt. ἐρύσαιμι 8.21
, εἰρύσαιμι Timo 59 ; inf. ἐρύσαι, ἐρύσσαι, Il.17.419, 8.23, εἰρύσαι Hp. Morb.1.29
, ([etym.] δι-, ἐξ-) Hdt.7.24, 1.141 ; part. ἐρύσας Il.23.21
, ἐρύσαις Pi. N.7.67
, εἰρύσας Hdt.4.10
, ἐρύσσας A.R.3.913
.—[dialect] Ion., [dialect] Dor., and poet. Verb:—drag, draw, implying force or violence, νῆα..εἰς ἅλα, ἅλαδε, ἤπειρόνδε, Il.1.141, Od.2.389, 10.423 ; ἐπ' ἠπείροιο on land, 16.325, 359 ; [δόρυ] ἐ. ἐπ' ἄκρης, of the Trojan horse, 8.508 ; freq. of the dead, νεκρόν, νεκροὺς ἐ., of the friends, drag them away, rescue them, Il.5.573, 16.781 ; of the enemy, drag them off for plunder, ransom, etc., 4.467, al.; τρὶς ἐρύσας περὶ σῆμα (sc. Ἕκτορα) 24.16 ; of dogs and birds of prey, drag and tear, οἰωνοὶ ὠμησταὶ ἐρύουσι 11.454
, etc.; drag away, carry off violently, Od.9.99: c. gen. partit., διὰ δώματ' ἐ...ἢ ποδὸς ἢ καὶ χειρός 17.479
; ἐ. τινὰ κουρίξ by the hair, 22.187 ; also, pull down, tear away, κρόσσας μὲν πύργων ἔρυον Il.12.258
, cf. 14.35.

2 simply, draw, pull, δόρυ ἐξ ὠτειλῆς 16.863
; φάρμακον ἐκ γαίης Od.10.303
; ἐξ οὐρανόθεν πεδίονδε Ζῆν' Il.8.21
; κίον' ἀν' ὑψηλὴν ἐρύσαι Od.22.176
; φᾶρος..κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε drew it over his head, 8.85 ; ἄλλον μὲν χλαίνης ἐρύων, ἄλλον δὲ χιτῶνος pulling or plucking him by.., Il. 22.493 ; νευρὴν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐ. drawing the bowstring at him, 15.464 ; ἐ. τόξον Hdt.3.30
,4.10; εἴρυσον ἔγχος draw thy sword, S.Tr. 1033 (hex.); attract, absorb, [ ὑγρόν] Hp.Loc.Hom.14 : c. gen. partit., τῆς χολῆς Id.Morb.1.29
; ἐπί τινι κλῆρον ἐ. draw lots for.., Call.Jov.62 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἐ. to put aside, Pi.N.7.67 ; ὅππῃ ἐμὸν νόον εἰρύσαιμι Timol.c.; also πλίνθους εἰρύσαι make bricks, Hdt.2.136. (B) [voice] Med. [full] ἐρύομαι, [dialect] Ion. [full] εἰρύομαι [pron. full] [ῠ], [tense] fut. inf.

A ἐρύεσθαι Il.14.422
, al., ἐρύσσεσθαι v.l. in Od.21.125, Il.21.176 : [tense] aor. 1 εἰρύσσατο 22.306
, ἐρύσαντο 1.466
, etc.; subj. ἐρύσωμαι A.R.1.1204
; opt. ἐρύσαιο, -αίατο, Il.5.456, 298 ; inf.
ἐρύσασθαι 22.351
; part.
ἐρυσσάμενος 1.190
, εἰρυσάμενος (ἐπ-) Hdt.4.8:—draw for oneself, ἐρυσαίμεθα νῆας launch us ships, Il.14.79 ; [ἵππον] ἐς ἀκρόπολιν ἐ. Od.8.504
; ξίφος, ἄορ, μάχαιραν ἐρύεσθαι, draw one's sword, Il.4.530, 21.173, 3.271 ; ἄορ ἐκ κολεοῖο Theoc.22.191
; δόρυ ἐξ ὠτειλῆς εἰρυσάμην Od.10.165
; of meat on the spit, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα they drew all off, Il.1.466, etc.; ἐρύσσασθαι μενεαίνων in his anxiety to draw [the bow], Od.21.125 ; βύρσαν θηρὸς ἀπὸ μελέων Theoc.25.273
; simply, wrench, ὅταν ἱστὸν ἀνέμοιο κατάϊξ..ὑπὲκ προτόνων ἐρύσηται A.R.1.1204
.

2 of captives, χρυσῷ ἐρύσασθαι weigh against gold (cf. ἕλκω): hence, ransom, Il.22.351 (cf. ἀντερύομαι).

3 draw towards oneself, ἕθεν ἆσσον ἐρύσσατο Od.19.481
.

b assimilate, retain, γονήν, τροφήν, Hp.Mul. 2.166, 171.

II draw out of the press, ἐρύσασθαί τινα μάχης Il.5.456
; esp. of friends dragging away the body of a slain hero, οὐδέ κε..ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντο νέκυν 18.152
; of enemies, 14.422, 17.161 : c. dat., in spite of, from, 5.298, 17.104. (C) [voice] Pass., [tense] pf. εἴρῡμαι, [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3pl.

A εἰρύατο [ῡ Il.14.30
, al., [pron. full] ῠ 4.248], εἴρυντο (v. infr.): [tense] aor. ἐρύσθην or εἰρ-, Hp.Epid.5.47, Mul.1.36:—to be drawn ashore, drawn up in line, of ships, εἴρυντο νέες ταχὺν ἀμφ' Ἀχιλῆα Il.18.69
; εἰρύατο νῆες θῖν' ἔφ' ἁλὸς πολιῆς 14.30
, cf.4.248.

2 to be drawn, attracted, of moisture, Hp.l.c.; to be contracted, ἐς τοὔπισθεν ἐρυσθείς, of tetanic convulsions, Id.Epid.5.47 ; τὴν γνάθον ἐρυσθεῖσα ib.4.36. (ϝερῠ-, ϝρῡ-, cf. ῥῡ-τήρ ([etym.] βρύτηρ), ῥῦ-μα, ῥῡ-μός.)

------------------------------------

ἐρύω (B), only in [voice] Med. [full] ἐρύομαι, redupl. non-thematic [tense] pres. [ per.] 3pl. εἰρύαται [pron. full] [ῠ] Il.1.239, h.Cer. 152, [pron. full] [ῡ]Od.16.463 ; inf.

A εἴρυσθαι 3.268
, 23.151 (from se-srū-, v. infr.); [tense] impf. εἴρῡτο Il.16.542
, 24.499, Od.23.229, Hes.Sc. 138, εἴρυντο Il.12.454
, εἰρύατο [pron. full] [ῠ] 22.303 : from unredupl. stem [pref] ῥῡ- ( srū-]), non-thematic [ per.] 3pl. [tense] impf. ῥύατ' [pron. full] [ῡ] 18.515, Od.17.201, inf. ῥῦσθαι Il.15.141
, iterat. ῥύσκευ 24.730
: thematic [tense] pres. [full] ῥύομαι [pron. full] [ῠ] Od.14.107, 15.35, Il.9.396, 10.259, 417, Hes.Sc. 105 ; with ῡ, ῥύομ' Il.15.257
, ῥύοιτο 12.8
, ῥύοισθε 17.224
; [tense] impf. ῥύετ' [pron. full] [ῡ] 16.799 : [pron. full] ῡ in Trag. (E.HF 197, al., also A.Eleg.3), but [pron. full] ῠ in Id.Th. 303 (lyr.), 824 (anap.): thematic [tense] impf. ἐρύετο [pron. full] [ῡ] Il.6.403 ; non-thematic ἔρῡτο 4.138
, 5.23, al., ἔρῡσο 22.507
( ἔρῡτο as [tense] aor. 2 S.OT 1351 (lyr.)): [tense] pres. inf. ἔρυσθαι Od.5.484
,9.194, al.; later [tense] pres. ind. ἔρῡται A.R.2.1208
: [tense] fut. ἐρύσσεται Il.10.44
, ἐρύεσθαι [pron. full] [ῠ] 20.195, ῥύσομαι [pron. full] [ῡ] Hes.Th. 662, Hdt.1.86, A.Th.91 (lyr.); [ per.] 3pl. ῥυσεῦνται Call.Lav.Pall. 112
: [tense] aor. I εἰρῠσάμην (from e-serū-) Il.4.186, 20.93, 21.230 ; opt. ἐρύσαιτο [pron. full] [ῠ] 24.584 ; ind. also ἐρρύσατο [pron. full] [ῡ] Od.1.6, al., ἐρύσατο [pron. full] [ῡ] Il.5.344, al., once with ῥῠ, ῥῠσάμην 15.29
: from the redupl.[tense] pres. εἴρῡμαι are formed [tense] fut. ind. [ per.] 3pl. εἰρύσσονται 18.276
, I pl. εἰρῠόμεσθα 21.588
: [tense] aor. I inf. εἰρύσσασθαι 1.216
; opt. εἰρυσσαίμην 8.143
, 17.327, Od.16.459:—later [voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐρρύσθην Ev.Luc.1.74
, 2 Ep.Ti.4.17, Hld.10.7 : for ἔρῠτο and ἐρυσσάμενοι as [voice] Pass., v. infr. 4:—protect, guard, of armour, [πήληξ] κάρη ῥύετ' Ἀχιλλῆος Il.16.799
; [κυνέη] εἴρυτο κάρη Hes.Sc. 138
; ῥύεται δὲ κάρη Il.10.259
, etc.; μίτρης..ἥ οἱ πλεῖστον ἔρυτο 4.138
, cf. 23.819 ; ἄστυ δὲ πύργοι ὑψηλαί τε πύλαι σανίδες τ'..εἰρύσσονται 18.276
, cf. 12.454 ; ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν, ὄφρα σφιν νῆας..ῥύοιτο ib.8 ; οἶος ἐρύετο Ἴλιον Ἕκτωρ 6.403
, cf. 22.507, 24.499 ; οἵ με πάρος γε εἰρύατο 22.303
; ὅς σε πάρος περ ῥύομ' 15.257
, cf.A.Th.91 (lyr.), etc.; καὶ πῶς βέβηλον ἄλσος ἂν ῥύοιτό με; Id.Supp. 509 ; Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ Il.16.542
; ἀριστήων οἵ τε πτολίεθρα ῥύονται 9.396
; [ἔλαφον] ὕλη εἰρύσατο 15.274
; of warders or watchmen, 10.417 ; σῦς τάσδε φυλάσσω τε ῥύομαί τε Od.14.107
; νῆα, νῆας ἔρυσθαι, 9.194, 10.444, 14.260, 17.429 ; εἴρυσθαι μέγα δῶμα 23.151
; ἣ νῶϊν εἴρυτο θύρας, of a female slave, ib. 229; ἐπέτελλεν..εἴρυσθαι ἄκοιτιν 3.268
; αὖλιν ἔρυντο, of dogs, Theoc.25.76 ; ἔτι μ' αὖτ' εἰρύαται οἴκαδ' ἰόντα lie in wait for me, Od.16.463 ; χαλεπόν σε θεῶν..δήνεα εἴρυσθαι to discover them, 23.82 (here perh. a difft. word, cogn. with ἐρευνάω, cf. Pi.Fr.61) ; φρεσὶν εἰρύσσαιτο keep in his heart, conceal, Od.16.459 ; οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται maintain them, Il.1.239 : hence, support, hold in honour, with notion of obedience, οὐ σύ γε βουλὰς εἰρύσαο Κρυνίωνος 21.230
; ἔπος εἰρύσσασθαι 1.216
.

2 without any notion of defence, merely cover, ὡς ῥύσαιτο περὶ χροΐ μήδεα φωτός Od.6.129
; φύλλων χύσις ἤλ θα πολλὴ ὅσσον τ' ἠὲ δύω ἠὲ τρεῖς ἄνδρας ἔρυσθαι 5.484
.

3 c. acc. rei, keep off, ward off, ἀλλ' οὐκ οἰωνοῖσιν ἐρύσσατο κῆρα μέλαιναν by no augury could he ward off black death, Il.2.859 ; ἡ δ' (sc. ἀσπὶς) οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο 5.538
, 17.518, Od.24.524 ; ἀλλὰ πάροιθεν εἰρύσατο ζωστήρ Il.4.186
.

4 thwart, check, curb, much like ἐρύκω, Διὸς νόον εἰρύσσαιτο 8.143
; μὴ ὁ μὲν κραδίῃ χόλον οὐκ ἐρύσαιτο 24.584
; Ἠῶ ῥύσατ' ἐπ' Ὠκεανῷ Od.23.244
; νῆά τ' ἔρυσθαι A.R.3.607
; so prob. in Τροΐας ἶνας ἐκταμὼν δορί, ταί νιν ῥύοντό ποτε ( thwarted him) μάχας..ἔργον..κορύσσοντα Pi.I.8(7).57
; νόστον ἐρυσσάμενοι having been balked of their return ([voice] Med. in pass. sense, cf. ἐστεφανώσατο, κατασχόμενος), Id.N.9.23 (v.l. ἐρεις-):—[voice] Pass., ἡ δ' ἔρῠτ' εἰν Ἀρίμοισι Hes.Th. 304
.

5 rescue, save, deliver (not in [dialect] Att. Prose exc. Th.5.63); μετὰ χερσὶν ἐρύσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων Il.5.344
, cf. 11.363; πῶς ἂν.. εἰρύσσαισθε Ἴλιον; 17.327 ; Ποσειδάων..Νέστορος υἱὸν ἔρυτο 13.555
; βουλῆς..ἥ τίς κεν ἐρύσσεται ἠδὲ σαώσει Ἀργείους 10.44
; ἀλλ' Ἥφαιστος ἔρυτο σάωσε δέ 5.23
; ὁ δ' ἐρύσατο καί μ' ἐλέησεν Od.14.279
; ἐρρύσατο καὶ ἐσάωσεν Il.15.290
; ἀρήξω τὸν ἱκέτην τε ῥύσομαι A.Eu. 232
; πατρίδα ῥυομένους Id.Eleg.3
; ῥύου με κἀκφύλασσε S.OC 285
, cf. Hdt.7.217,8.114 : freq. folld. by a Prep., οὐ γάρ κεν ῥύσαιτό σ' ὑπὲκ κακοῦ Od. 12.107
; Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἀλλὰ σὺ ῥῦσαι ὑπ' ἠέρος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Il.17.645
, cf. 224 ; ἐκ..πόνων ἐρρύσατο Pi.P.12.19
; ῥύσασθαί μιν ἐκ τοῦ παρεόντος κακοῦ Hdt.1.87
; ὡς ἂν ἀλλὰ παῖδ' ἐμὴν ῥυσώμεθ' ἀνδρῶν ἐκ χερῶν μιαιφόνων E.Or. 1563
: ἀπὸ φόνου S.OT 1351
(lyr.); ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ Ev.Matt.6.13
: c. gen., ῥ. τινὰ τοῦ μὴ κατακαυθῆναι Hdt.1.86
; κακῶν μυρίων E.Alc. 770
; τόξων Id. Ion 165
(lyr.); πολέμου καὶ μανιῶν ῥ. Ἑλλάδα Ar. Lys. 342
: c. inf., ῥ. τινὰ θανεῖν E.Alc.11
; τινα μὴ κατθανεῖν Id.HF 197
, cf. Or. 599, Hdt.7.11 ; also, save from an illness, cure, Id.4.187 : generally, Id.3.132.

6 set free, redeem, τὸν ἔνθεν ῥυσάμην I set him free from thence, Il.15.29 ; ἐκ δουλοσύνης Hdt.5.49
,9.90; δουλοσύνης ib. 76 ; μάντιν Ἠλεῖον..ἀπημελημένον ἐν τοῖσι ἀνδραπόδοισι ἐρρύσατο Id.3.132
; but χρυσῷ ἐρύσασθαι Il.22.351
seems to come from ([etym.] ϝ) ερύω (v. ἐρύω (A) B.1.2).

b metaph., redeem, compensate for.., ἔργῳ γὰρ ἀγαθῷ ῥύσεσθαι τὰς αἰτίας (v.l. λύσεσθαι) Th.5.63 ; ταῦτα πάντα κατθανοῦσα ῥύσομαι my death will redeem (purchase) all this, E.IA 1383 (troch.); ῥ. καμάτους Epigr.Gr.853.6
:—double sense in S.OT 312, 313 ῥῦσαι σεαυτὸν καὶ πόλιν, ῥῦσαι δ' ἐμέ, ῥῦσαι δὲ πᾶν μίασμα τοῦ τεθνηκότος redeem (deliver) thyself and the state and me, and redeem the pollution from the dead (the μίασμα being thought of as an unpaid debt). ( ἐρῠ- ῥῡ- from ser[ucaron]- srū-, cogn. with Lat. servare, v. οὖρος 'guard', ἔρυμα, ἐρυμνός.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐρύω
9 ὁράω

ὁράω, [var] contr. [full] ὁρῶ even in Il.3.234, [dialect] Ep. [full] ὁρόω 5.244, etc.; [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὄρημι (q. v.); [dialect] Ion. [full] ὁρέω Hdt.1.80, etc., [ per.] 2sg.

A ὁρῇς Herod.2.67
, al., [ per.] 3sg. ὁρῇ Hp.Carn.17
, Vid.Ac.I; inf. ὁρῆν Democr.11
, Hp.Carn.2 (but [ per.] 2sg. ὁρᾷς Archil.87
, [ per.] 3sg. ὁρᾷ Semon.7.80
, cf. κατορᾷ Hdt.2.38
; [ per.] 1pl. ὁρῶμεν Id.5.40
; [ per.] 3pl. ὁρῶσι ([etym.] ἐπ-) Id.1.124; inf. ὁρᾶν ib.33, 2.64): the forms ὁρῇς, ὁρῇ, ὁρῆν (exc. when found in [dialect] Dor., as IG42(1).122.2, 15,47 (Epid., iv B. C.); [tense] impf. [ per.] 3sg. ἑώρη ib.28,70) seem to imply ὁρή-ω (cf. ὄρημι), but ὁρᾷ, ὁρῶμεν, ὁρῶσι, etc. imply ὁρᾰ-ω: [dialect] Att. [tense] impf. ἑώρων Th.1.51
, Ar.Pl. 713, Nu. 354, ([etym.] ἐ-) SIG344.110 (Teos, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg. ὥρα Hdt.1.11
, 3.72, [ per.] 1pl. ὡρῶμεν (v.l. ὁρῶμεν) Id.2.131,[ per.] 2pl. ὡρᾶτε Id.7.8
.β', [ per.] 3pl. ὥρων Id.4.3
, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ὅρα Il.16.646
, cf. ὄρημι: [tense] pf. ἑόρᾱκα, a form required by the metre in many passages, as Ar.Th. 32, 33, Av. 1573, Pl.98, 1045, Eup.181.3, Alex.272.1, Men.Epit. 166, Pk. 270, Bato 5.11, etc., whereas the metre never requires ἑώρακα; whence ἑόρακα, -άκη ought always to be restored in early [dialect] Att. writers, though ἑώρακα was used in later Gr., PPetr.2p.55 (iii B. C.), SIG685.74 (ii B. C.), UPZ119.43 (ii B. C.), cf. Theognost.Can. 150 (ἑώρακε<ν> is prob. in Men.5 D.): ἑωρ- in the [tense] impf. prob. comes from ἠ- ϝορ- (with a long form of the augment, cf. ἠειδ- ([etym.] ᾐδ- ) in [tense] impf. of οἶδα, while ἑορ- in the [tense] pf. comes from ϝε-ϝορ-, v. infr.: [dialect] Ion. [tense] pf. ὁρώρηκα Herod.4.77
, al., also ὥρηκα ib.40 ; [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf. part. ὡρακυῖα IG42(1).122.6
(Epid., iv B. C.); [ per.] 1sg. ὥρακα Baillet Inscr. destombeaux des rois 1210: an [tense] aor. 1 ἐσορήσαις only f.l. in Orph.Fr.247.16:—[voice] Med. ὁράομαι, [var] contr. ὁρῶμαι even in Il.13.99 ; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. ὅρηαι Od.14.343
(v. ὄρημι): [tense] impf. ἑωρώμην, also ὡρώμην ([etym.] προ-) Act.Ap.2.25, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ὁρᾶτο Il.1.56
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἑώραμαι Isoc.15.110
, D.54.16 : [tense] aor. ἑωράθην only in late Prose, D.S.20.6 ; inf. ὁρᾱθῆναι Arist.MA 699b19
, Pl.Def. 411b, Luc.Jud.Voc. 6, etc.: [tense] fut. ὁραθήσομαι Gal.UP10.12
: verb. Adj. ὁρᾱτός, ὁρᾱτέον (qq. v.).—Hom. uses [var] contr. forms, as ὁρῶ, ὁρᾷς, ὁρᾷ, ὅρα, ὁρᾶν, ὁρῶν, ὁρῶμαι, ὁρᾶται, ὁρᾶσθαι, ὁρώμενος, as well as lengthd. [dialect] Ep. ὁρόω, ὁράᾳς, ὁράασθαι, ὁρόων, [ per.] 2pl. opt. ὁρόῳτε Il.4.347
, etc. ; besides these forms from ὁρα- ([etym.] ὁρη- ) we have

II from root ὀπ- (v. ὄψ ) the only [tense] fut. in use, ὄψομαι, always in act. sense, Il.24.704, and [dialect] Att., [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. ὄψεαι 8.471
, Od.24.511: a rare [tense] aor. 1 ἐπ-όψατο in Pi.Fr.88.6 (for ἐπιώψατο, v. ἐπιόψομαι); subj. ὄψησθε Ev.Luc.13.28
(where the v.l. ὄψεσθε may be right): [tense] pf. ὄπωπα Il.6.124
, Od.21.94, Emp.109, Hdt. 3.37,63, Hp.Art.1, Carn.17; Trag. and Com., as A.Eu.57, S.Ant.6, al., Ar.Lys. 1157, 1225, never in [dialect] Att. Prose: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg. ὀπώπει Od.21.123
, ὀπώπεε Hdt.5.92
.ζ'; ὀπώπεσαν Id.7.125
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1 ὤφθην S.Ant. 709, E.Hec. 970, Th.4.73, etc. ; opt. ([dialect] Ion.) ὀφθείησαν Hdt.8.7
; part. ὀφθείς, inf. ὀφθῆναι, Id.1.9,10 (for ἐπι-οφθέντας, v. ἐπιόψομαι): [tense] fut. ὀφθήσομαι S.Tr. 452
, E.HF 1155, And.2.10, Lys.3.34 : [tense] pf. ὦμμαι Is.Fr. 165
, ὦψαι D.18.263
, ὦπται A.Pr. 998
, D.24.66; cf. ὀπτέον.

III from ϝιδ- are formed [tense] aor. [voice] Act. εἶδον, inf. ἰδεῖν : [tense] aor. [voice] Med. εἰδόμην, inf. ἰδέσθαι : [tense] pf. with [tense] pres. sense οἶδα I know, inf. εἰδέναι : verb. Adj. ἰστέος (for these tenses, v. Εἴδω). ( ὁρ- prob. from ϝορ-, as indicated by the [tense] impf. and [tense] pf. forms ; cf. βῶροι (i.e. ϝῶροι), Engl. (a)ware.)

0-0Senses:

I abs., see, look, freq. in Hom.; εἴς τι or εἴς τινα to or at a thing or person, Il.24.633, Od.20.373, al., E.Fr. 607 ; εἰς τὸν πράττοντα Arist.Po. 1460a14
:—[voice] Med., Od.5.439, Hes.Op. 534, Fr. 188 ; but ἔς τινα ὁρᾶν to be of so-and-so's party, Philostr.VS1.18 ; εἰς τὴν Ἀττάλου καθαίρεσιν εἶδεν aimed at.., Zos.6.12 ; for κατ' αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα Il.16.646
, Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται 24.291
, cf. καθοράω 11
; ὁρόων ἐπ' ἀπείρονα πόντον looking over the sea, 1.350 ; ὁρᾶν πρός τι look towards, ἀκρωτήριον τὸ πρὸς Μέγαρα ὁρῶν Th.2.93
, cf. AP7.496 (Simon., cj.) ; πρὸς πλοῦν ὁρᾷ looks to sail (i.e. is ready), E.IA[1624]; ὁ. ἐπὶ τὴν προδοσίαν D.S.36.3
; πρὸς σπονδάς Id.33.1
.

2 have sight, opp. μὴ ὁρᾶν, to be blind, S.Aj.84 ; ὅσ' ἂν λέγωμεν, πάνθ' ὁρῶντα λέξομεν [though I am blind,] my words shall have eyes, i.e. shall be to the purpose, Id.OC74 ; ἐν σκότῳ.. οὓς μὲν οὐκ ἔδει ὀψοίαθ', i.e. should be blind, Id.OT 1274; ἀμβλύτερον ὁ., opp. ὀξύτερον βλέπειν, Pl.R. 596a ; ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ὁ. to be short-sighted, Id.Tht. 174e; ὁ. βραχύ τι Id.R. 488b
.

3 see to, look to, i.e. take or give heed, Il.10.239 ; ὁ. εἰς γλῶσσαν.. ἀνδρός look to, pay heed to, Sol.11.7, cf. A.Supp. 104 (lyr.): freq. in imper., like βλέπε, folld. by a dependent clause, ὅρα ὅπως.. Ar.Ec. 300
, cf.Th.5.27; ὅρα εἰ.. see whether.., A.Pr. 997, Pl.Phd. 118, etc.; also ὅρα μὴ.. S.Ph. 30
, 519, etc.; ὅρα τί ποιεῖς ib. 589 ; πῶς.. ὑπερδικεῖς, ὅρα A.Eu. 652
.

4 ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; see'st thou? d'ye see? parenthetically, esp. in explanations, Ar.Nu. 355, Th. 490, etc.; ὡς ὁρᾷς S.El. 1114
, Tr. 365 ; also ὁρᾷς; at the beginning of a sentence, Id.El. 628, E.Andr.87 ; ἀλλ'—ὁρᾷς; but, do you see.. ?, Pl.Prt. 336b; ὁρᾷς οὖν.. ὅτι Id.Grg. 475e
; οὐχ ὁρᾷς; ironically, D.18.232.

5 c. acc. cogn., like βλέπω 11, look so and so, δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι Hes.Sc. 426
; ὁρᾶν ἀλκάν Pi.O.9.111
; ἔαρ ὁρόωσα Νύχεια Theoc.13.45
; also ἡδέως ὁρᾶν look pleasant, E.IA 1122: c. acc., κακῶς ὁρᾶν τινα Philostr.VA7.42
.

II trans., see an object, behold, perceive, observe, c. acc., freq. in Hom., etc.: [tense] pf. ὄπωπα exclusively in this sense, Il.2.799, Od.21.94, etc. ; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν to see with or before the eyes, Il.24.392, Od.8.459, etc. ; αἰεὶ τέρμ' ὁρόων always keeping it in sight, keeping his eye on it, Il.23.323 ; φίλως χ' ὁρόῳτε καὶ εἰ δέκα πύργοι Ἀχαιῶν.. μαχοίατο, i.e. δέκα πύργους, εἰ μαχοίατο, 4.347 ; ὁ. τινά look to (for aid), D.45.64 : in signfs. 1 and 11 combined, οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὁρῶν τάδε; A.Ag. 1623, cf. D.25.89.

b ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο, poet. for ζῆν, like βλέπειν, Il.18.61, Od.4.833, etc.; so φῶς ὁρᾶν S.OT 375
, E.Or. 1523, Alc. 691:— in [voice] Med., φέγγος ὁρᾶσθαι Id.Andr. 113
(eleg.); so ὁρᾶν alone, τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος Id.Supp.78
(lyr.).

c folld. by a clause, οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος.. ; Il.21.108 ; ὁρᾷς ἡμᾶς, ὅσοι ἐσμέν; Pl.R. 327c ; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἥμαρτες; A.Pr. 261, cf. 325, 951 ; Διὸς.. οὐχ ὁρῶ μῆτιν ὅπᾳ φύγοιμ' ἄν ib. 906 (lyr.); ἴδεσθέ μ' οἷα.. πάσχω ib.92.

d c. part., καπνὸν.. ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀΐσσοντα we see it rising, Od.10.99; ὁρῶν ἐμαυτὸν ὧδε προυσελούμενον seeing myself thus insulted, A.Pr. 438, cf. 70, 384, al.; ὁρῶ σε κρύπτοντα.. see you hiding.., E.Hec. 342 ; so ὁρῶ μ' ἔργον ἐξειργασμένην I see that I have done, S.Tr. 706 ; cf. infr. 4b ; rarely in reference to the subject, ὁρῶ μὲν ἐξαμαρτάνων (= ὅτι ἐξαμαρτάνω) E.Med. 350:—so in [voice] Med., ἄνδρα διωκόμενον.. ὁρῶμαι Il.22.169
, cf. A.Pr. 896 (lyr.): also c. inf., ἑώρων οὐκέτι οἷόν τε εἶναι.. Th.8.60
.

e rarely c. gen., οὐδεὶς Σωκράτους οὐδὲν ἀσεβὲς.. οὔτε πράττοντος εἶδεν οὔτε λέγοντος ἤκουσεν (where the Constr. is suggested by the use of ἤκουσεν) X.Mem.1.1.11 ; μέχρι βορῆος ἀπαστράψαντος ἴδηαι Arat. 430
.

2 see to, ἴδε πῶμα Od.8.443
; look out for, provide, τινί τι S.Aj. 1165
(anap.), Theoc.15.2 ; πρόβατον εἰς ὁλοκάρπωσιν LXX Ge.22.8
.

3 the inf. is used after an Adj., δεινὸς ἰδεῖν Sol.13.6
; εὐφεγγὴς ἰδεῖν A. Pers. 387
, cf. 398, Ch. 174, 176, al. (cf. Εἴδω A.1.1
a) ; ἐχθίστου.. ὁρᾶν most hateful to behold, S.Aj. 818 ; ὦ πάτερ δύσμοιρ' ὁρᾶν Id.OC 327
; ὁρᾶν στυγνὸς ἦν X.An.2.6.9
:—[voice] Med. or [voice] Pass., αἰσχρὸς ὁρᾶσθαι Id.Cyn. 3.3
: with an Adv., μὴ διχορρόπως ἰδεῖν A.Ag. 349
: with a Subst., ἄνδρα τευχηστὴν ἰδεῖν Id.Th. 644
: with a Verb, πρέπουσι.. ἰδεῖν Id.Supp. 720
, cf. S.OT 792.

4 [voice] Med. is used by Poets like [voice] Act., Il.13.99, A.Pers. 179, Ch. 407 (lyr.), S.Ant. 594 (lyr.), Tr. 306, Cratin.138, etc., v. supr. 11.1 b, c: but in Prose [voice] Med. occurs only in compds., as προ-ορῶμαι: for the imper. ἰδοῦ, ἰδού, v. ἰδοῦ.

b no [voice] Pass. is used by Hom.; in [dialect] Att. the [voice] Pass. has the sense to be seen, A.Pr. 998,Eu. 411, etc.: c. part., ὤφθημεν ὄντες ἄθλιοι was seen in my wretchedness, E. IT 933 ;
ὀφθήσεται διώκων
he will prove to be.., Pl.Phdr. 239c
, cf. Smp. 178e; τὰ ὁρώμενα all that is seen, things visible, like τὰ ὁρατά, Id.Prm. 130a.

III metaph., of mental sight, discern, perceive, S.El. 945, etc.; so blind Oedipus says, φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, τὸ φατιζόμενον I see by sound, as the saying is, Id.OC 138 (anap.); ἂν οἴνου.. ὀσμὴν ἴδωσιν Alex.222.4
; cf. supr. 1.4, δέρκομαι 1.2
.

IV abs., see visions, ὁ ἀληθινῶς ὁρῶν LXX Nu.24.3
,15 :—[voice] Pass., appear in a vision, ὤφθη ἄγγελος πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα ib.Jd.13.3.

V interview, ἐμνήσθης μοι ἰδεῖν τὸν κεραμέα περὶ τῶν κεραμίων you told me to see the potter about the jars, PCair.Zen. 264 (iii B.C.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὁράω
10 ὑπέρ

ὑπέρ [ῠ], [dialect] Ep. also [full] ὑπείρ, used by Hom. (metri gr.) only in the phrase ὑπεὶρ ἅλα (v. ὑπείρ); Arc. [full] ὁπέρ (q. v.): in [dialect] Aeol. replaced by περί (v.

A περί A.
V): Prep. governing gen. and acc., in Arc. also dat. (Cf. Skt. upaári 'above', Goth. ufar, OE. ofer 'over':—from it are formed the [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also Adv. ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.)

A WITH GENIT.,

I of Place, over;

1 in a state of rest, over, above, freq. in Hom., βάλε.. στέρνον ὑ. μαζοῖο Il.4.528
; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων not reaching to the knees, X.An.5.4.13; ἕστηκε.. ὅσον τ' ὄργυι' ὑ. αἴης Il.23.327
; εἴθ' ὑ. γῆς, εἴτ' ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴθ' ὑπὸ γῆς Thphr.Ign.1
; στῆ δ' ἄρ' ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood over his head as he lay asleep, Il.2.20, Od.4.803, al.; πασάων ὕ. ἥ γε κάρη ἔχει 6.107
; ὑ. πόλιος, ὅθι Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, ἦα 16.471
; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι over head, i. e. over the gateway, Hdt.1.187; ὑ. τῆς ὀροφῆς IG12.373.246
; ὑ. τοῦ ἀγάλματος ib.264; ὄρος τὸ ὑ. Τεγέης Hdt.6.105
; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, X.Ages.2.20; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, Pi.N.7.65; λιμὴν καὶ πόλις ὑ. αὐτοῦ κεῖται Th.1.46
, cf. 6.4, D.C.40.14: of relative geographical position, above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν Hdt.1.175
; ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑ. Αἰγύπτου Th.2.48
; τοῖς ὑ. Χερρονήσου Θρᾳξίν X.An.2.6.2
; ὑ. Μασσαλίας Plb.2.14.8
, cf. 5.73.3, al.: in Hellenistic Gr. the acc. is commoner in this sense, v. infr. B. I.

b of ships at sea, off a place, Th.1.112, 8.95; ναυμαχίην τὴν ὑ. Μιλήτου γενομένην Hdt.6.25
; ὑ. τούτου (sc. Φαλήρου) ἀνακωχεύσαντες τὰς νέας ib. 116.

2 in a state of motion, over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται Il.15.382
; τὸν δ' ὑ. οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα Od.17.575
; πηδῶντος.. τάφρων ὕ. S.Aj. 1279
; ὑ. θαλάσσης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις A.Ag. 576
; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [ τῶν ξιφῶν] X.Smp.2.11.

3 over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου Od.13.257
.

II metaph., in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. Il.7.449
; ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑ. Δαναῶν 1.444
: generally, for the prosperity or safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι IG12.39.65
, cf. 45.5; ἱερὰ θυόμενα ὑ. τῆς πόλεως X.Mem.2.2.13
; ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς θυσίας ὑ. τε ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων UPZ14.27
(ii B.C.); in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ' ἀνέθηκεν.. εὐξαμένη.. ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς IG12.524
, cf. 22.4403, 42(1).569 (Epid.); Ἀρτέμιδι Σωτείρᾳ ὑ. βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου Ἐπικράτης Ἀθηναῖος OGI18
(Egypt, iii B. C.), cf. 365 (Amasia, ii B. C.), al.; ὑ. τῆς εἰς αἰῶνα διαμονῆς Ἀντωνείνου Καίσαρος ib.702.3 (Egypt, ii A.D.); ὑ. τῆς τύχης.. Ἀντωνείνου Σεβαστοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς ib.703.2 (Ptolemais, ii A.D.); ὑ. σωτηρίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν.. Ἀντωνείνου ib.706 (Egypt, ii/iii A. D.); εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα A.Eu. 705
; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, Th.2.20, Pl.Lg. 642c, X.An.3.5.6; ἧς ἔθνῃσχ' ὕ. S.Tr. 708
; ὑ. γῆς τῆς Ἀθηναίων ναυμαχέειν Hdt.8.70
; ὑ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀμῦναι Pl.Lg. 692d
; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. ap. Poll.8.105; νῦν ὑ. πάντων ἀγών A.Pers. 405
; ὑ. δόξης τελευτήσαντες D.23.210
, cf. Isoc.6.93; πάνθ' ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός in your interests, D.20.80, cf. 83; ὑ. τῆς Ἀσίας στρατηγήσας Isoc.4.154
; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς Hdt.7.225
; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, IG42 (1).121.10,42, 123.11 (Epid., iv B.C.); γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας UPZ68.3
(ii B. C.); sts. even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ. about slavery, A.Th. 111 (lyr.), cf. Aeschin.3.10.

2 for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν on his own behalf, Th.1.141; ὑ. τινὸς ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.R. 590a
; προλέγειν X.An.7.7.3
; ἐπεὶ οὖν σὺ σιωπᾷς, ἐγὼ λέξω καὶ ὑ. σοῦ καὶ ὑ. ἡμῶν Id.Cyr.3.3.14
, cf. S.El. 554; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων as Zeno's representative, PSI4.389.8 (iii B. C.); ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα PGrenf.2.17.9
(ii B. C.); θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ' ἔσεσθ' ὑ. Φιλίππου as though by commission from P., D.3.6; so in other dialects c. acc., v. infr. B. v.

3 in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ' ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, Il.15.665, cf. 660; then more metaph., by, λίσσομ' ὑ. ψυχῆς ( as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων 22.338
, cf. 24.466; λίσσομ' ὑ. θυέων καὶ δαίμονος.. σῆς τ' αὐτοῦ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἑταίρων Od.15.261
; λίσσου' ὑ. μακάρων σέο τ' αὐτῆς ἠδὲ τοκήων A.R.3.701
; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός in the name of Zeus, AP7.499.2 (Theaet.); so [dialect] Aeol. περ (v. περί A.
V).

4 of the cause or motive, for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. E.Supp. 1125
(lyr.); ὑ. παθέων Id.Hipp. 159
(lyr.); ἔριδος ὕ. Id.Andr. 490
(lyr.); of punishment or reward, for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ' ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. S.Ant. 932
(anap.), cf. Isoc.11.39, Lys.3.43, 4.20, 13.41,42, X.An.1.3.4; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father's property shall pay the fine for the father, Leg.Gort.11.42; ἀποτεισάτω ὁ δεσπότης ὑ. τοῦ δούλου PHal. 1.198
(iii B. C.); τοῦτον (viz. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου UPZ121.24
(ii B. C.);
τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον
as a thank-offering for.., Sammelb.3926.12
(i B. C.); ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς Isoc.9.57
; ἀποδοῦναι χάριν ὑ. ὧν.. ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργέτησεν Id.4.56
; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου IG12.140.2
; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου on account of H., i.e. debiting H.'s account, PFay.16 (i B. C.); μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον for the credit of your account, PAmh.2.88.22 (ii A. D.); ὑ. λαογραφίας Ostr.Bodl. iii 80
(i A. D.); ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης Ostr. 1479
(iii A. D.); ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν Jul.Or.3.126a
, cf. Ael.NA3.39.

5 ὑ. τοῦ μή c. inf., for the purpose of preventing or avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα.. βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν X.Hier.4.3
; ὑ. τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ προσταττόμενον Isoc.7.64
, cf. 12.80; τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπέμειναν.. ὑ. τοῦ μὴ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιῆσαι D.18.204
: also without μή, for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die for the sake of.., Isoc.6.94; μὴ τοσαύτην ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν ὑ. τοῦ βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡλίκην ὑ. τοῦ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς παθεῖν δεινόν Plb.3.94.9
, cf. 5.32.1, 5.86.8: this constr. is found also in signf. A. 111.

III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε' ἀκούω Il.6.524
; κᾶρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑ. καλλινίκου ἅρμασι Pi.P.1.32
; Σκύθαι μὲν ὧδε ὑ. σφέων τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς χώρης τῆς κατύπερθε λέγουσι Hdt.4.8
; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων v.l. in Id.2.123; τοὺς ὑ. τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους Epicur.Sent.20
; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, Pl.Ap. 39e, Lg. 776e; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν .. Lys.24.4, cf. 21, 16.20; ὑ. οὗ.. ὁμολογῶ.. διαφέρεσθαι τούτοις D.18.31
; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [ εἰρήνην ποιητέον] Id.19.94; ἔγραψάς μοι ὑ. τῶν καμίνων PCair.Zen. 273.2
(iii B. C.); ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων PSI6.554.24
(iii B. C.); ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν.. ὄλυραν UPZ46.4
(ii B. C.); συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις Plb.1.43.1
; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk of sending L., Id.5.18.5, cf. 6; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [ δόξης] Isoc.6.93; ὑ. τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν.. ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω D.21.152
; ἐκ τῶν ἐμφανῶν ὑ. τῶν ἀφανῶν πιστεύειν Jul.Or. 4.138b
; with vbs. expressing emotion, ποίας.. γυναικὸς ἐκφοβεῖσθ' ὕ.; S.OT 989
; εἰ τὰ παρὰ σοὶ καλῶς ἔχει, θάρρει ὑ. ἐκείνων X.Cyr.7.1.17
; οὐδεὶς ὑ. μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται κατασφαγείσης A.Eu. 101
(approaching sense 11.1).

B WITH ACCUS.,

I of Place in reference to motion, over, beyond, freq. in Hom., e.g. ὑ. ὦμον ἤλυθ' ἀκωκή Il.5.16
, cf. 851; ἀλάλησθε.. ὑπεἰρ ἅλα Od.3.73
, cf. 7.135, al., A.Eu. 250, S.Ant. 1145 (lyr.); ὑ. τὸν δρύφακτον ὑπερτιθέμενοι Plb.1.22.10
: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι Pl.Criti. 108e
, cf. Jul.Or.1.6d; τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑ. τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπερίσχον Plb.3.84.9
; τῶν ὑ. τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων Id.2.14.6
; ὑ. Μασσαλίαν Id.2.16.1
; λόφον κείμενον ὑ. τὴν ὁδόν Id.2.27.5
, cf. 3.47.2, al.; τῶν συριῶν ὑ. τὴν σκηνὴν οὐσῶν PHib. 1.38.7
(iii B. C.); οὐλὴ.. ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν PCair.Zen.76.13
(iii B. C.); τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον.. σπόνδυλον Sor.1.102
; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν Jul.Or. 4.135a
.

II of Measure, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον Pi.O.1.28
; ὑ. τὸ βέλτιστον A.Ag. 378
(lyr.); ὑ. ἐλπίδα S.Ant. 366
(lyr.); ὑ. δύναμιν Th.6.16
; μεγέθει ὑ. τοὺς ἐν τῇ νηΐ Pl.R. 488b
; ὑ. ἄνθρωπον εἶναι Id.Lg. 839d
, Luc.Vit.Auct.2; ὑ. ἡμᾶς beyond our powers, Pl.Prm. 128b; ὑ. τὴν ἀξίαν E.HF 146
; ὑ. τὴν οὐσίαν Pl. R. 372b
; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ (cf. ὕδωρ 1.4
) Luc.Pr.Im.29.

b after [comp] Comp., than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ. .. LXX Jd.18.26: so after Posit., τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὑ. αὐτόν better than he, ib.3 Ki.2.32.

2 of transgression, in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opp. κατ' αἶσαν, Il.3.59, al.; ὑ. Διὸς αἶσαν 17.321
; ὑ. μοῖραν 20.336
; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον) ib.30; ὑ. θεόν 17.327
; ὑ. ὅρκια 3.299
, al.

III of Number, above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ ξυμβόλαια] IG12.41.23, cf. 22.48, al.; ὑ. τεσσεράκοντα ἄνδρας Hdt.5.64
; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (sc. ἔτη) X.HG5.4.13; ὑ. τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονόσι Id.Cyr.1.2.4
; ὑ. ἥμισυ more than half, ib.3.3.47.

IV of Time, beyond, i.e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος Th.1.41
; ὑ. τὴν φθοράν Pl.Ti. 23c
.

V in some dialects, in sense A. 11.1,2, on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν SIG437
(Delph., iii B. C.), al., cf. IG42(1).109iv113 (Epid., iii B. C.), 5(2).438-40,442 (Megalop., ii B. C.), 42(1).380,665 (Epid., i A. D.), IPE4.71.10 (Cherson., ii A. D.); in sense A. 111, concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς LXX Ru.1.13
.

C WITH DAT., only Arc., μαχόμενοι ὑ. τᾷ τᾶς πόλιος ἐλευθερίᾳ fighting for.., IG5(2).16 (Tegea, iii B. C.).

D POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its Subst., but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, Il.5.339, Od.19.450, al., S.OT 1444, etc.

E AS ADV., over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν E.Med. 627
(lyr.); also written ὑπεράγαν, Str.3.2.9, Ael.NA3.38, etc.; cf. ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσι; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am more [ than they], 2 Ep.Cor.11.23.

F IN COMPOS. ὑπέρ signifies over, above, in all relations, e. g.,

1 of Place, over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος.

2 of doing a thing for or in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω.

3 above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπέρ
11 ῥαίνω

ῥαίνω, Pi.I.8(7).50, Xenarch.7.7: [tense] fut.

A ῥᾰνῶ Antiph.217.12
, Lyc. 1104, but [dialect] Att. also ῥᾱνῶ (like φᾱνῶ) acc. to A.D.Adv.187.27: [tense] aor. ἔρρᾱνα Arched.2.5
, E.Rh.73, Cyc. 402 ([etym.] ἐξ-), Trag.Adesp.90; [dialect] Ion. ἔρρηνα Hp.
(v. infr.); ἔρηνα Opp.H.2.100
: [tense] pf. ἔρραγκα ([etym.] δι-) LXX Pr.7.17:— [voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐρρᾱνάμην ([etym.] περι-) Aristobul.6 J., Plu.Arist.20, Longus 3.28:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐρράνθην Pi.P.5.100
, Arist.Pr. 938a35: [tense] pf. ἔρραμμαι Persae. ap. Ath.4.140f; later ἔρρασμαι Sch.D Il.12.431.—[dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. imper. ῥάσσατε Od.20.150
, [ per.] 3pl. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. ἐρράδαται ib. 354, [tense] plpf. ἐρράδατο Il.12.431
[pron. full] [ᾰ] are formed as if from [tense] pres. [full] ῥάζω, cf. περιρραίνω 1
.

I sprinkle, besprinkle, with acc. of the object besprinkled,

1 prop. with liquids, ῥάσσατε (sc. δῶμα ὕδατι) Od.20.150; ῥᾶνον δόμους Com.Adesp.1211
, cf. Thphr.CP4.3.3; ὕδατι τοὺς λειποψυχοῦντας Id.Fr.10.6
; φόνῳ πεδίον Pi.I.
l.c.; ἐλαίῳ ῥήνας Hp. Fract.21
; ἐκ καλπίδων μύροις ῥ. Plb.30.25.17:—[voice] Pass., πύργοι καὶ ἐπάλξιες αἵματι φωτῶν ἐρράδατ' Il.12.431
; αἵματι δ' ἐρράδαται τοῖχοι Od.20.354
; αἵματι βωμὸς ἐραίνετ' E.IA[1589]
; τὰ πρόσωπα διὰ τὸ ῥαίνεσθαι μέλανα γίνεται Arist.HA 579a2
.

2 also of solids, bestrew, besprinkle, [ἵπποι] ῥαίνοντο κονίῃ Il.11.282
; ῥ. χθόνα καρπῷ Nonn.D.2.65
.

3 metaph., ῥ. τινὰ ὕμνῳ, νᾶσον εὐλογίαις, Pi.P.8.57, I.6(5).21; θεῶν.. ὅμιλον ἀμβρότᾳ ῥαίνοις α μοίσᾳ IG42(1).130.24
.

II sprinkle, scatter, with acc. of the thing scattered or sprinkled, ῥανῶ τε πεδόσ' ἐγκέφαλον will scatter it on the ground, E.Fr. 384 (dub. l.); ῥαίνειν sprinkle (water) on the fish, Xenarch. l.c.; ῥαίνειν ὀξίδας ἐς τὰ βλέφαρα sprinkle vinegar in their eyes, Ar.Ra. 1441; ῥ. πυρούς Opp.H.2.100
; χοάς Lyc.1185
.

III abs., sprinkle water, Arist. HA 620a12; ῥανίσι ῥ. let water fall in drops, Id.Mete. 374b1.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ῥαίνω
12 σῴζω

σῴζω fut. σώσω; 1 aor. ἔσωσα; pf. σέσωκα. Pass.: impf. ἐσῳζόμην; fut. σωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐσώθην; pf. 3 sing. σέσωται Ac 4:9 (UPZ 122, 18 [157 B.C.] σέσωμαι) w. σέσῳσται or σέσωσται as v.l. (s. Tdf. ad loc. and B-D-F §26); ptc. σεσῳσμένος Eph 2:5, 8 (Hom.+—σῴζω [=σωί̈ζω] and the forms surely derived fr. it are to be written w. ι subscript. On the other hand, it is not possible to say how far the ι has spread fr. the present to the tenses formed fr. the root σω-. Kühner-Bl. II 544; B-D-F §26; Mlt-H. 84; Mayser 134)

① to preserve or rescue fr. natural dangers and afflictions, save, keep from harm, preserve, rescue (X., An. 3, 2, 10 οἱ θεοὶ … ἱκανοί εἰσι κ. τοὺς μεγάλους ταχὺ μικροὺς ποιεῖν κ. τοὺς μικροὺς σῴζειν; Musonius p. 32, 10; Chion, Ep. 11; 12 θεοῦ σῴζοντος πλευσοῦμαι; Ar. [Milne 74, 15]).

ⓐ save from death (ins [I B.C.]: Sb 8138, 34 σῴζονθʼ οὗτοι ἅπαντες who call upon Isis in the hour of death) τινά someone (Apollon. Rhod. 3, 323 θεός τις ἅμμʼ [=ἡμᾶς] ἐσάωσεν from danger of death at sea; Diod S 11, 92, 3; PsSol 13:2 ἀπὸ ῥομφαίας [cp. Ps 21:21]) Mt 14:30; 27:40, 42, 49; Mk 15:30f; Lk 23:35ab, 37, 39; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:9); 59, 4; AcPl Ha 5, 12. Pass. (TestJob 19:2 πῶς οὖν σὺ ἐσώθῃς;) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; J 11:12 (ἐγερθήσεται P⁷⁵); Ac 27:20, 31; 1 Cl 7:6. Abs., w. acc. easily supplied Mt 8:25. ψυχὴν σῶσαι save a life (Achilles Tat. 5, 22, 6; PTebt 56, 11 [II B.C.] σῶσαι ψυχὰς πολλάς; EpArist 292; Jos., Ant. 11, 255) Mk 3:4; Lk 6:9; 21:19 v.l. τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι save one’s own life (Gen 19:17; 1 Km 19:11; Jer 31:6) Mt 16:25; Mk 8:35a=Lk 9:24a (on Mk 8:35b=Lk 9:24b s. 2aβ below); 17:33 v.l. (PGM 5, 140 κύριε [a god] σῶσον ψυχήν).

ⓑ w. ἔκ τινος bring out safely fr. a situation fraught w. mortal danger (X., An. 3, 2, 11; SIG 1130, 1 ἐκ κινδύνων; OGI 69, 4; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ λιμοῦ; 28:16 ἐκ τῆς ὀργῆς; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 286) ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου Jd 5. ἐκ χειρὸς Φαραώ AcPl Ha 8, 11; ἐκ Σοδόμων 1 Cl 11:1 (Pla., Gorg. 511d ἐξ Αἰγίνης δεῦρο). ἐκ τῆς ὥρας ταύτης J 12:27. ἐκ θανάτου from (the threat of) death (Hom. et al.; Pla., Gorg. 511c; UPZ 122, 18 [157 B.C.]) Hb 5:7.—Of the evil days of the last tribulation ἐν αἷς ἡμεῖς σωθησόμεθα B 8:6; cp. 1 Cl 59:4.

ⓒ save/free from disease (Hippocr., Coacae Praenotiones 136 vol. 5 p. 612 L.; IG², 1028, 89 [I B.C.]; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 68, 32 [132 B.C.]: gods bring healing) or from possession by hostile spirits τινά someone ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε Mt 9:22a; Mk 5:34; 10:52; Lk 8:48; 17:19; 18:42. Cp. Js 5:15; AcPl Ha 5, 31. Pass. be restored to health, get well (Just., D. 112, 1; Ael. Aristid. 33, 9 K.=51 p. 573 D.) Mt 9:21, 22b; Mk 5:23, 28; 6:56; Lk 8:36; Ac 4:9; 14:9. Also of the restoration that comes about when death has already occurred Lk 8:50.

ⓓ keep, preserve in good condition (pap; Did., Gen. 145, 1.—Theoph. Ant. 1, 12 [p. 84, 4]) τὶ someth. (Ath. 17, 2 ὁ τύπος … σῴζεται, R. 20 p. 73, 10 μνήμην and αἴσθησιν; Eunap., Vi. Soph. p. 107: θειασμός) pass. τὴν κλῆσιν σῴζεσθαι Hs 8, 11, 1.

ⓔ pass. thrive, prosper, get on well (SibOr 5, 227) σῴζεσθαι ὅλον τὸ σῶμα 1 Cl 37:5. As a form of address used in parting σῴζεσθε farewell, remain in good health B 21:9 (cp. TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] σῶσόν σε ὁ θεός).

② to save or preserve from transcendent danger or destruction, save/preserve from eternal death fr. judgment, and fr. all that might lead to such death, e.g. sin, also in a positive sense bring Messianic salvation, bring to salvation (LXX; Herm. Wr. 13, 19 σῴζειν=‘endow w. everlasting life’.—Of passing over into a state of salvation and a higher life: Cebes 3, 2; 4, 3; 14, 1. Opp. κολάζειν Orig., C. Cels. 2, 38, 16).

ⓐ act. τινά someone or τὶ someth.

α. of God and Christ: God (ApcEsdr 2:17 p. 26, 9 Tdf. σὺ δὲ ὸ̔ν θέλεις σῴζεις καὶ ὸ̔ν θέλεις ἀπολεῖς) 1 Cor 1:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; AcPlCor 2:10, 16. The acc. is easily supplied Js 4:12. ὁ θεὸς ὁ σῴζων Mt 16:16 D.—Christ (Orig., C. Cels. 3, 14, 9): Mt 18:11; Lk 19:10; J 12:47; 1 Ti 1:15; 2 Ti 4:18 (εἰς 10d); Hb 7:25; MPol 9:3. σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν Mt 1:21 (ς. ἀπό as Jos., Ant. 4, 128); also ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν GJs 11:3; cp. 14:2. The acc. is to be supplied 2 Cl 1:7. διὰ τῶν ἁγνῶν ἀνδρῶν AcPl Ha 1, 16.

β. of persons who are mediators of divine salvation: apostles Ro 11:14; 1 Cor 9:22; 1 Ti 4:16b. The believing partner in a mixed marriage 1 Cor 7:16ab (JJeremias, Die missionarische Aufgabe in der Mischehe, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 255–60). One Christian of another σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου Js 5:20 (on ς. ἐκ θαν. s. 1a above). Cp. Jd 23. Of ultimate personal security 1 Ti 4:16a; Mk 8:35b=Lk 9:24b (for Mk 8:35a=Lk 9:24a s. 1a above).

γ. of qualities, etc., that lead to salvation ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε Lk 7:50 (s. 1c above). Cp. Js 1:21; 2:14; 1 Pt 3:21; Hv 2, 3, 2. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν π[λοῦτος ἢ τὰ νῦν ἐν τῷ βίῳ λαμπ]ρ̣ὰ σώσι (=σώσει) σε it’s not [the wealth or pomp in this life] that will save you AcPl Ha 9, 8 (for the restoration s. corresponding expressions 2, 21–27).

ⓑ pass. be saved, attain salvation (TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 3 [Stone p. 28] al.; Just., A I, 18, 8 al.; Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 15]) Mt 10:22; 19:25; 24:13; Mk 10:26; 13:13; 16:16; Lk 8:12; 18:26; J 5:34; 10:9; Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); 15:1; 16:30f; Ro 10:9, 13 (Jo 3:5); 11:26; 1 Cor 5:5; 10:33; 1 Th 2:16; 2 Th 2:10; 1 Ti 2:4 (JTurmel, Rev. d’Hist. et de Littérature religieuses 5, 1900, 385–415); 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); 2 Cl 4:2; 13:1; IPhld 5:2; Hs 9, 26, 6; AcPl Ha 1, 5 and 21.—σωθῆναι διά τινος through someone (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 8a p. 452 Jac. [in Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 213] σὺ μὲν διʼ ἐμὲ ἐσώθης, ἐγὼ δέ; Herm. Wr. 1, 26b ὅπως τὸ γένος τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος διὰ σοῦ ὑπὸ θεοῦ σωθῇ) J 3:17; 2 Cl 3:3; through someth. (Mel., P. 60, 440 διὰ τοῦ αἵματος) Ac 15:11; 1 Cor 15:2; 1 Ti 2:15 (διά A 3c); Hv 3, 3, 5; 3, 8, 3 (here faith appears as a person, but still remains as a saving quality); 4, 2, 4. ἔν τινι in or through someone 1 Cl 38:1; AcPl Ha 2, 29; in or through someth. Ac 4:12; 11:14; Ro 5:10. ὑπό τινος by someone (Herm. Wr. 9, 5 ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ ς.; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 101 ὑπὸ θεοῦ σῴζεται) 2 Cl 8:2. ἀπό τινος save oneself by turning away from Ac 2:40 (on ς. ἀπό s. 2aα above; ELövestam, ASTI 12, ’83, 84–92). διά τινος ἀπό τινος through someone from someth. Ro 5:9.—χάριτι by grace Eph 2:5; Pol 1:3. τῇ χάριτι διὰ πίστεως Eph 2:8. τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐσώθημεν (only) in hope have we (thus far) been saved or it is in the context of this hope that we have been saved (i.e., what is to come climaxes what is reality now) Ro 8:24.—οἱ σῳζόμενοι those who are to be or are being saved (Iren. 1, 3, 5 [Harv. I 30, 9]) Lk 13:23; Ac 2:47 (BMeyer, CBQ 27, ’65, 37f: cp. Is 37:2); 1 Cor 1:18; 2 Cor 2:15 (opp. οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι in the last two passages); Rv 21:24 t.r. (Erasmian rdg.); 1 Cl 58:2; MPol 17:2.

③ Certain passages belong under 1 and 2 at the same time. They include Mk 8:35=Lk 9:24 (s. 1a and 2a β above) and Lk 9:[56] v.l., where σῴζειν is used in contrast to destruction by fire fr. heaven, but also denotes the bestowing of transcendent salvation (cp. Cornutus 16 p. 21, 9f οὐ πρὸς τὸ βλάπτειν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ σῴζειν γέγονεν ὁ λόγος [=Ἑρμῆς]). In Ro 9:27 τὸ ὑπόλειμμα σωθήσεται (Is 10:22) the remnant that is to escape death is interpreted to mean the minority who are to receive the Messianic salvation. In 1 Cor 3:15 escape fr. a burning house is a symbol for the attainment of eternal salvation (πῦρ a; cp. also Cebes 3, 4 ἐὰν δέ τις γνῷ, ἡ ἀφροσύνη ἀπόλλυται, αὐτὸς δὲ σῷζεται).—WWagner, Über σώζειν u. seine Derivata im NT: ZNW 6, 1905, 205–35; J-BColon, La conception du Salut d’après les Év. Syn.: RSR 10, 1930, 1–39; 189–217; 370–415; 11, ’31, 27–70; 193–223; 382–412; JSevenster, Het verlossingsbegrip bij Philo. Vergeleken met de verlossingsgedachten van de Syn. evangeliën ’36; PMinear, And Great Shall be your Reward ’41; MGoguel, Les fondements de l’assurance du salut chez l’ap. Paul: RHPR 17, ’38, 105–44; BHHW II 995, 1068.—B. 752. DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σῴζω
13 ὅς

ὅς, ἥ, ὅ

① as relative pron. who, which, what, that (Hom.+). On its use s. B-D-F §293–97; 377–80; Rydbeck 98–118; W-S. §24; Rob. 711–26, and for ancient Gk. in gener. Kühner-G. II 399ff; Schwyzer II 639–41.

ⓐ As a general rule, the relative pron. agrees in gender and number w. the noun or pron. to which it refers (i.e. its antecedent); its case is determined by the verb, noun, or prep. that governs it: ὁ ἀστήρ, ὸ̔ν εἶδον Mt 2:9. ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅν ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν Ac 17:3. Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ (sc. ἦν) ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 13:6. ὁ Ἰουδαῖος …, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος Ro 2:29. Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν J 1:47. οὗτος, περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα Lk 9:9 and very oft.

ⓑ A demonstrative pron. is freq. concealed within the relative pron.:

α. in such a way that both pronouns stand in the same case: ὅς the one who ὅς οὐ λαμβάνει Mt 10:38; sim. Mk 4:9; 9:40 (the three w. implied condition). οὗ of the one whose J 18:26. ᾧ to the one to whom Ro 6:16. ὅν the one whom (or someth. sim.) Mk 15:12; J 1:45. οἷς to those for whom Mt 20:23. οὕς those whom Mk 3:13; J 5:21. ὅ that which, what Mt 10:27.—A prep. governing the relative belongs in certain pass. to the (omitted) demonstr. pron. alone: παρʼ ὅ Ro 12:3; Gal 1:8; ὑπὲρ ὅ (ἅ) 1 Cor 10:13; 2 Cor 12:6; Phlm 21; πρὸς ἅ 2 Cor 5:10; εἰς ὅν J 6:29. In others it must be added to both pronouns: ἐν ᾧ in that in which 2 Cor 11:12; 1 Pt 2:12; 3:16 (these passages in 1 Pt may be classed under 1kγ also). ἐν οἷς Phil 4:11. ὑπὲρ οὑ because of that for which 1 Cor 10:30. ἀφʼ ὧν from the persons from whom 2 Cor 2:3.—The much disputed pass. ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 would belong here if we were to supply the words necessary to make it read about as follows: friend, (are you misusing the kiss) for that (purpose) for which you are here? (Wlh.; EKlostermann) or thus: in connection with that (=the purposes), for which (=for the realization of which) you have appeared (do you kiss me)? (Rdm.² 78). Friend, are you here for this purpose? FRehkopf, ZNW 52, ’61, 109–15. But s. βב and iβ below.

β. But the two pronouns can also stand in different cases; in such instances the demonstr. pron. is nearly always in the nom. or acc.

א. in the nom. οὗ one whose Ac 13:25. ὧν those whose Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1). ᾧ the one to or for whom Lk 7:43; 2 Pt 1:9. οἷς those to whom Mt 19:11; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15). ὅ that (nom.) which (acc.) Mt 13:12; 25:29; 26:13; Mk 11:23; Lk 12:3. Likew. ἅ Lk 12:20. ὅν he whom J 3:34; 4:18; Ac 10:21. ἐφʼ ὅν the one about whom Hb 7:13.

ב. in the acc. ὧν the things of which J 13:29. ᾧ the one (in) whom 2 Ti 1:12. So also w. a prep.: ἐν ᾧ anything by which Ro 14:21. ἐν οἷς things in which 2 Pt 2:12. ἐφʼ ὅ that upon which Lk 5:25. περὶ ὧν the things of which Ac 24:13. ἐφʼ οἷς from the things of which Ro 6:21 (this passage perh. uses a commercial metaphor, for pap s. Mayser II/2, 434f §121). εἰς ὸ̔ν the one in whom Ro 10:14a.—So Mt 26:50 (s. bα above), if the words to be supplied are about as follows: friend, (do that) for which you have come! (so ESchwartz, ByzZ 25, 1925, 154f; EOwen, JTS 29, 1928, 384–86; WSpiegelberg, ZNW 28, 1929, 341–43; FZorell, VD 9, 1929, 112–16; sim. PMaas, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrb. 8, ’31, 99; 9, ’32, 64; WEltester: OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 70–91; but s. iβ end.—S. Jos., Bell. 2, 615 at πάρειμι 1a).

ג. Only in isolated instances does the demonstr. pron. to be supplied stand in another case: οὗ = τούτῳ, οὗ in him of whom Ro 10:14b. παρʼ ὧν = τούτοις, παρʼ ὧν Lk 6:34.

ⓒ Constructions peculiar in some respect

α. The pleonastic use of the pers. pron. after ὅς (Mlt. 94f; B-D-F §297) γυνὴ ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς Mk 7:25 is found in older Gk. (Hyperid., Euxen. 3 ὧν … τούτων.—Kühner-G. II 433f), and is not unknown in later Gk. (POxy 117, 15), but above all is suggested by Semitic languages (LXX; GrBar 2:1; Thackeray 46; JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 266f); the omission of αὐτῆς in the v.l. is in line w. Gk. usage. οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. οὗ … τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ 1 Pt 2:24 v.l. οὗ καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῦ συγγράματα EpilMosq 2. In a quot. ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται … ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 = Am 9:12. οὗ ἡ πνοὴ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:9. Esp. freq. in Rv 3:8; 7:2, 9; 9:11 v.l.; 13:8, 12; 20:8.

β. constructions ‘ad sensum’

א. a relative in the sing. refers to someth. in the pl. οὐρανοῖς … ἐξ οὗ (οὐρανοῦ) Phil 3:20.

ב. a relative in the pl. refers to a sing. (Jdth 4:8 γερουσία, οἵ) πλῆθος πολύ …, οἳ ἦλθον Lk 6:17f. κατὰ πόλιν πᾶσαν, ἐν αἷς Ac 15:36. Cp. ἤδη δευτέραν ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς (i.e. ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ἐπιστ.) 2 Pt 3:1.

ג. the relative conforms to the natural gender rather than the grammatical gender of its antecedent noun τέκνα μου, οὕς Gal 4:19; cp. 2 J 1; Phlm 10. ἔθνη, οἵ Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. 26:17. παιδάριον, ὅς J 6:9. θηρίον, ὅς Rv 13:14. ὀνόματα, οἵ 3:4 v.l. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς, ἐν οἷς Phil 2:15. W. ref. to Christ, τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐξ οὗ Col 2:19.

ⓓ Attraction (or assimilation) of the relative. Just as in Hdt. and freq. Att., ins, pap, LXX, the simple relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is somet. attracted to the case of its antecedent, even though the relationship of the relative within its own clause would demand a different case.

α. In most instances it is the acc. of the rel. that is attracted to the gen. or dat. of the antecedent: περὶ πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται Mt 18:19. τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ὁ θεὸς διέθετο Ac 3:25. Cp. Mt 24:50b; Mk 7:13; Lk 2:20; 3:19; 5:9; 9:43; 15:16; J 4:14; 7:31; 15:20; 17:5; 21:10; Ac 1:1; 2:22; 22:10; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 1:6; 10:8, 13; Eph 2:10; 2 Th 1:4; Jd 15 al.—When the antecedent is an understood but unexpressed demonstr. pron. (s. b, beg.) that would stand in the gen. or dat., the acc. of a relative pron. can be attracted to this gen. or dat.: οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν is really οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ ἑώρακαν Lk 9:36 (Schwyzer II 641); ἅ takes on the case of τούτων which, in turn, is omitted (so already Soph., Pla., et al.).—23:14, 41; Ac 8:24; 21:19, 24; 22:15; 25:11; 26:16; Ro 15:18; 1 Cor 7:1; Eph 3:20; Hb 5:8. ὧν = τούτων, οὕς J 17:9; 2 Cor 12:17. οἷς = τούτοις, ἅ Lk 24:25.

β. The dat. of the relative is less frequently attracted (B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς (=ᾗ) ἀνελήμφθη Ac 1:22 (cp. Lev 23:15; 25:50; Bar 1:19); Eph 1:6; 4:1; 1 Ti 4:6 v.l.; κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ = κατέν. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστ. Ro 4:17. διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως ἧς παρακαλούμεθα 2 Cor 1:4.

γ. In relative clauses that consist of subject, predicate, and copula, the relative pron. somet. agrees in gender and number not w. the noun to which it refers, but w. the predicate if it is the subj. and, conversely, w. the subj. if it is the pred. of its own clause: πνεύματι …, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβών Eph 1:14 v.l. τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός Gal 3:16. τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17.—Rv 4:5; 5:8.

δ. Inverse attraction occurs when the relative pronoun attracts its antecedent to its own case (as early as Hom.; also Soph., Oed. Rex 449; s. Kühner-G. II 413; Schwyzer II 641; B-D-F §295; Rob. 717f); τὸν ἄρτον ὸ̔ν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία … ἐστιν; = ὁ ἄρτος ὅν … 1 Cor 10:16. λίθον, ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … οὗτος ἐγενήθη (Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; 1 Pt 2:7 v.l.—παντὶ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 12:48. ὅρκον, ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν (=μνησθῆναι ὅρκου ὅν) 1:73 (s. W-S. §24, 7 note). τοὺς λίθους, οὓς εἶδες, ἀποβεβλημένους, οὗτοι … ἐφόρεσαν Hs 9, 13, 3. Cp. 1J 2:25.

ε. Attraction can, as in earlier Gk. (Thu. 2, 70, 4), fail to take place when the relative clause is more distinctly separated fr. its antecedent by additional modifiers of the noun and by the importance attaching to the content of the relative clause itself (B-D-F §294, 1; Rob. 714f): τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος Hb 8:2. But s. also Mk 13:19; J 2:22; 4:5; Ac 8:32; 1 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:2; Phlm 10; Hb 9:7; Rv 1:20.

ⓔ The noun which is the antecedent of a relative clause can be incorporated into the latter

α. without abbreviating the constr. and without attraction of the case: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ = τῇ ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ δοκ. Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40; 17:29, 30. ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα 24:1. ὸ̔ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον J 6:14. ὸ̔ θέλω ἀγαθόν Ro 7:19.

β. w. abbreviation, in that a prep. normally used twice is used only once: ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε = ἐν τῷ κρίματι, ἐν ᾧ κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε Mt 7:2a. Cp. vs. 2b; Mk 4:24. ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ = ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ ἦν J 11:6. καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον = κατὰ τὸν τρόπον, καθʼ ὅν Ac 15:11.

γ. w. a change in case, due mostly to attraction

א. of the relative pron. περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν = περὶ πάντων πονηρῶν, ἃ ἐπ. Lk 3:19. περὶ πασῶν ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων = περὶ πασῶν δυνάμεων, ἃς εἶδον 19:37. αἰτίαν … ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν πονηρῶν Ac 25:18.—The dat. of the relative is also attracted to other cases: ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας = ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας, ᾖ Mt 24:38; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας Col 1:6, 9.

ב. of the noun to which the rel. refers: ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην, οὗτος ἠγέρθη = Ἰωάννης ὸ̔ν κτλ. Mk 6:16 εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ τῆς διδαχῆς εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε Ro 6:17.

δ. The analysis is doubtful in passages like περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων = περὶ τῶν λόγων οὓς κατηχήθης or τῶν λόγων, περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης Lk 1:4. ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι Ac 21:16 must acc. to the sense = ἄγοντες πρὸς Μνάσωνα, ἵνα ξενισθῶμεν παρʼ αὐτῷ. S. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719.

ⓕ The prep. can be omitted before the relative pron. if it has already been used before the antecedent noun: ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ὧ.) Ac 1:21. εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὅ (=εἰς ὅ) 13:2. ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν (=ἀφʼ ὧν) vs. 38. Cp. 26:2. ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ᾧ) Rv 18:6.

ⓖ The neut. is used

α. in explanations, esp. of foreign words and of allegories: ὅ ἐστιν which or that is, which means: βασιλεὺς Σαλήμ, ὅ ἐστιν βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης Hb 7:2; cp. Mt 27:33; Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; 15:42. Also ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Mt 1:23; Mk 5:41; Ac 4:36; cp. J 1:38, 41f. ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενος κρανίου τόπος Mk 15:22 v.l. (for μεθερμηνευόμενον). τόπος, ὸ̔ λέγεται, Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθά J 19:17.—S. also αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον Mk 15:16. λεπτὰ δὺο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης 12:42. τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία Col 1:24. πλεονέκτης ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης Eph 5:5. τὴν ἀγάπην ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος Col 3:14.—B-D-F §132, 2.

β. when the relative pron. looks back upon a whole clause: τοῦτον τ. Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός, οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες Ac 2:32; cp. 3:15; 11:30; 26:9f; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29; 1 Pt 2:8; Rv 21:8.

γ. ὅ is to be understood as an obj. acc. and gains its content fr. what immediately follows in these places (s. W-S. §24, 9; Rob. 715): ὸ̔ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ = τὸν θάνατον, ὸ̔ν ἀπέθανεν κτλ. what he died, i.e. the death he suffered, he suffered for sin Ro 6:10a; cp. vs. 10b. ὸ̔ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί the life that I now live in the flesh Gal 2:20.

ⓗ The relative is used w. consecutive or final mng. (result or purpose): τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὸ̔ς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; who has known the mind of the Lord, so that he could instruct him? 1 Cor 2:16 (cp. Is 40:13). ἄξιός ἐστιν ᾧ παρέξῃ τοῦτο he is worthy that you should grant him this Lk 7:4. ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου …, ὸ̔ς κατασκευάσει Mt 11:10. ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον …, ὸ̔ς ὑμᾶς ἀναμνήσει 1 Cor 4:17. ἔχετε μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰς οὓς ἐργάσεσθε τὸ καλόν 21:2.

ⓘ taking the place of the interrogative pron.

α. in indirect questions (Soph., Oed. Rex 1068; Thu. 1, 136, 4; Attic ins of 411 B.C. in Meisterhans³-Schw.; pap [Witkowski 30, 7]; oft. Joseph. [Schmidt 369]; Just., D. 44, 4 διʼ ἧς ὁδοῦ). ὸ̔ ἐγὼ ποιῶ what I am doing J 13:7. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7 (Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὸ̔ λέγεις).—J 18:21.

β. NT philology has generally dismissed the proposition that ὅς is used in direct questions (Mlt. 93; B-D-F §300, 2; Radermacher² 78; PMaas [see 1bβב above]). An unambiguous example of it is yet to be found. Even the ins on a goblet in Dssm., LO 100ff [LAE 125–31], ET 33, 1922, 491–93 leaves room for doubt. Therefore also the translation of ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 as ‘what are you here for?’ (so Goodsp., Probs. 41–43; similarly, as early as Luther, later Dssm.; JWilson, ET 41, 1930, 334) has been held suspect. S. ZNW 52, ’61, 109ff.—Rob. 725 doubts the interrogative here, but Mlt-Turner 50 inclines toward it. If further proof for interrogative use of ὅς can be found, lit.-crit. considerations (s. vv. 14–16) invite attention to the v.l. (s. Tdf. app.) ἐφʼ ᾦ, a combination used in commercial documents (PGrenf II, 17, 2; 5; Mayser II/1 p. 215); the colloquial use suggests the sense: What deal did you make?—See also 1bβב above.

ⓙ combined w. particles

α. with ἄν (ἐάν), s. ἄν I. b.

β. with γέ (s. γέ aβ and cp. PFlor 370, 9) Ro 8:32.

γ. w. δήποτε whatever J 5:3(4) v.l. (the vv.ll. vary betw. οἵῳ and ᾧ, δηποτοῦν and δήποτε).

δ. w. καί who also Mk 3:19; Lk 6:13f; 7:49 al.

ε. with περ = ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 7:13; JosAs 14:12; GrBar; ApcSed 2:1; Jos., Ant. 2, 277, Vi. 95; apolog. [exc. Mel.]) just the one who Mk 15:6 v.l. ὅπερ which indeed Ox 840, 35; ISm 4:1. πάντα ἅπερ whatever GPt 11:45.

ⓚ used w. preposition (s. also above: 1bα; 1bβב; 1eβ,γ; 1f, and s. Johannessohn, Präp. 382f [ind.]), whereby a kind of conjunction is formed:

α. with ἀντί: ἀνθʼ ὧν (s. ἀντί 4) because Lk 1:20; 19:44; Ac 12:23; 2 Th 2:10; therefore Lk 12:3.

β. w. εἰς: εἰς ὅ to this end 2 Th 1:11.

γ. with ἐν: ἐν οἷς connects w. the situation described in what precedes under which circumstances = under these circumstances Lk 12:1; Ac 24:18 v.l.; 26:12. So also perh. ἐν ᾧ 1 Pt 1:6; 2:12; 3:16, 19; 4:4. S. also ἐν 7 and cp. 1bα above.

δ. w. ἐπί: ἐφʼ ᾧ (normally, ‘for which’: Plut., Cimon 483 [8, 6] Cimon receives honors in requital for his generous deed [cp. the pl. ἐφʼ οἷς IPriene 114, 22 of honors heaped on a gymnasiarch for his numerous contributions]; cp. Plut., Mor. 522e and Diog. L. 7, 173. Conversely Plut., Aratus 1048 [44, 4]: A. suffers some dishonor ‘for what’ he did to one of his associates) has freq. been interpreted=ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that, because Ro 5:12 (lit. on ἁμαρτία 3a); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for 4:10. But a commercial metaphor may find expression in the first 3 passages cited here; s. ἐπί 6c. Difft. on Ro 5:12 JFitzmyer, NTS 39, ’93, 321–39; also comm. (Anchor), ad loc.: ‘with the result that, so that’

ε. οὗ χάριν therefore Lk 7:47.

ζ. in indications of time: ἀφʼ ἧς (s. ἀπό 2bγ and cp. BGU 252, 9 [98 A.D.]) from the time when; since Lk 7:45; Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4; Hs 8, 6, 6 v.l.; as soon as, after 8, 1, 4.—ἀφʼ οὗ (s. ἀπό 2bγ) when once, since Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18. ἄχρι οὗ (s. ἄχρι 1bα) until (the time when) Ac 7:18; Ro 11:25; 1 Cor 11:26; Gal 3:19. Also ἕως οὗ until Mt 1:25; 13:33; 14:22; 17:9; Lk 13:21; D 11:6 al. μέχρις οὗ until Mk 13:30; Gal 4:19.—On the gen. οὗ as an adv. of place s. it as a separate entry.

② Demonstrative pron. this (one) (Hom.+; prose of Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. II 228f]; pap, LXX).

ⓐ ὸ̔ς δέ but he (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 22; PRyl 144, 14 [38 A.D.]) Mk 15:23; J 5:11 v.l. Mostly

ⓑ ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other (Hippocr.+; very oft. in later wr.; POxy 1189, 7 [c. 117 A.D.]; SibOr 3, 654) the masc. in var. cases of sing. and pl. Mt 22:5; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; 2 Cor 2:16; Jd 22f. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ this … that Ro 9:21. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ (Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15) some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δὲ … ὸ̔ς δέ Mt 21:35; 25:15 (Lucian, Tim. 57 διδοὺς … ᾧ μὲν πέντε δραχμάς, ᾧ δέ μνᾶν, ᾧ δὲ ἡμιτάλαντον). ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δὲ … ὸ̔ δέ Mt 13:8b, 23. ᾧ μὲν … ἄλλῳ δὲ … ἑτέρῳ (ἄλλῳ δέ is then repeated five times, and before the last one there is a second ἑτέρῳ) 1 Cor 12:8–10. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἄλλο κτλ. Mk 4:4. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἕτερον (repeated several times) Lk 8:5. ἃ μὲν … ἄλλα δέ (repeated several times) Mt 13:4–8a. In anacoluthon οὓς μέν without οὓς δέ 1 Cor 12:28. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν Ro 14:2.—B-D-F §250. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 100f.—DELG 1 ὅς. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅς
14 εἴδω

εἴδω, no [voice] Act. [tense] pres. in use, ὁράω being used:—[voice] Med., v.infr. A.11: [tense] aor. 2 [full] εἶδον always in sense of

A see (so in [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med., to be seen, i.e. seem): but [tense] pf. [full] οἶδα, in [tense] pres. sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, cf. ([etym.] ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Lat. videre; with ([etym.] ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Skt. véda, Goth. wait, OE. wát 'know'.)

A [tense] aor. 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα Orph.A. 118
), serving as [tense] aor. to ὁράω, [dialect] Ep. ἴδον, iter. ἴδεσκε Il.3.217
, late [dialect] Aeol. εὔιδον Epigr.Gr.990.11
([place name] Balbilla); imper. ἴδε (in [dialect] Att. written as Adv. ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετε; subj. ἴδω, [dialect] Ep. ἴδωμι Il.18.63
; opt. ἴδοιμι; inf. ἰδεῖν, [dialect] Ep. ἰδέειν; part. ἰδών: hence, [tense] fut. ἰδησῶ Theoc.3.37
:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2 εἰδόμην, [dialect] Ep. ἰδόμην, in same sense, poet., [dialect] Ion., and later Prose (c. gen., Arat.430) (so in compds., even in [dialect] Att. Prose, v. ἐπ-, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην); imper. ἰδοῦ (freq. written as Adv. ἰδού, = ἰδέ); subj. ἴδωμαι; opt. ἰδοίμην; inf. ἰδέσθαι; part. ἰδόμενος Hdt.1.88
, al.:

1 see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, Il.1.587, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν E.Or. 1020
; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, Od.6.126, cf. 21.159; mark, observe, Il.4.476, Od.4.412, etc.: folld. by relat. clause, ἴδωμ' ὅτιν' ἔργα τέτυκται Il.22.450
; ἀλλ' ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδ' ἐστίν Od.10.44
: freq. in inf. after Subst. or Adj., θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, Il.5.725; οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν A.Pr. 240
; ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν Pl.R. 620a
.

b see a person, i.e. meet him, speak with him, Th.4.125, X.An.2.4.15, etc.

c see, i.e. experience, νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι Od.3.233
, etc.; δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν E.Hec.56
; ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν S.Tr. 835
; τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν Id.Ant. 1270
(lyr.); ἀλόχου κουριδίης.. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, Il.11.243.

2 look, ἰδεῖν ἐς .. look at or towards, 2.271, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί .. 23.143; πρός .. Od.12.244; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, Il.9.373, etc.; κατ' ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320
; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184, 17.334, Od.5.78, etc.: qualified by Adv. or Adj., ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, Il.1.148, al.; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, 2.269; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, A.Eu. 541 (lyr.).

3 see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν ' to see in his mind's eye', Il.21.61, cf. 4.249; ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl.R. 511a
.

b examine, investigate, Id.Phd. 70e, Tht. 192e; consider, ἴδωμεν τί λέγομεν Id.Grg. 455a
.

II [voice] Med., [tense] pres. [full] εἴδομαι, [dialect] Ep. ἐείδεται Theoc.25.58
, part. ἐειδόμενος Pi.
N..10.15: [tense] aor. εἰσάμην, [dialect] Ep. part. ἐεισάμενος Il. 2.22
, al.:—only [dialect] Ep.and Lyr., to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear, 8.559; εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98
; εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319
; ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον Epigr.Gr.1034.19
([place name] Callipolis), cf. Od.5.283; perh. also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, Il.13.191.

2 c. inf., appear or seem to be, τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι 1.228
; τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι Od.9.11
, etc.: with inf. omitted, οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ 19.283
, etc.; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται Il.14.472
, cf. Theoc. 25.58; also, look like or make a show of.., εἴσατ' ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, Od.8.283; εἴσατο δ' ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, 5.281.

3 strictly middle, c. dat., εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, Il.2.791, cf. 20.81; αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι Rhian.50
: esp. in part., like, εἰδομένη κήρυκι Il.2.280
, etc.; τῷ δ' ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος Pi.N.10.15
; εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν A.Ag. 771
(lyr.); φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι Hdt.6.69
.

B [tense] pf., οἶδα I know, used as [tense] pres.: [tense] plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as [tense] impf.:—[tense] pf. οἶδα, [dialect] Aeol. ὄϊδα Alc. 145
; [ per.] 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc. 456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc. 780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., [dialect] Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. οἶσθας Cratin.105
, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Dor. ἴδμεν, also [dialect] Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib. 283, al.]; οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17
, οἴδατε AP12.81
(Mel.), οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43
, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual, οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1
: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω, late ἰδέτω Phalar.Ep. 122
codd.: from [ per.] 3pl. ἴσασι ( ἴσαντι Epich. 53
) were formed [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1sg. ἴσᾱμι Epich.254
, Pi.P.4.248; [ per.] 3sg. ἴσατι IG14.644.4
([place name] Bruttii); [ per.] 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14
, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. [ per.] 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι GDI5024
; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19
, dat. sg. ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29
, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες GDI5024
: subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. εἰδέωσι SIG45.21
(Halic., V B.C.); [dialect] Ep. also εἴδω Od.1.174
, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131), εἴδομεν Il.1.363
, εἴδετε Od.9.17
: opt. εἰδείην, [ per.] 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν Pl.La. 190b
, R. 582a: inf. εἰδέναι, [dialect] Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25
: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, [dialect] Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς Schwyzer 409
:—[tense] plpf. ᾔδεα Il.14.71
, Hdt.2.150, [var] contr. ᾔδη S.Ant.18
, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp. 119a, ᾔδησθα Od.19.93
, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec. 551, E.Cyc. 108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε ([etym.] ν) Il.17.402, al., ᾔδη 1.70
, al. (also later [dialect] Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), [dialect] Att. [var] contr. ᾔδει ([etym.] ν) E. Ion 1187, Ar.V. 558, etc.; [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. - εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; [dialect] Att. also [ per.] 1sg. ᾔδειν D.37.24
, [ per.] 2sg. ᾔδεις Ar.Th. 554
, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82
, Arist.APo. 87b40, ᾔδεμεν Men.14D.
(to be read in S.OT 1232), ᾔδειτε D.55.9
, etc. ( ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), [dialect] Ion. ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58
([etym.] συν-) , ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23
, Str.15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175
, Thgn.54, etc.; late [dialect] Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr. 340, E. Cyc. 231, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἴσαν Il.18.405
, Od.4.772:—[tense] fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι Il.1.548
, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach. 332, etc.; also εἰδήσω Od.7.327
, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top. 108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257
.—The [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; [tense] aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN 1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper. εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2
(iii B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551
, cf. Pl.R. 365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4
: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med. 593; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp. 740
, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277
; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229
; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412
; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525
; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202
; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250
; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823
; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710
; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665
; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438
; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach. 860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365
; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250
; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36
, cf. 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R. 337d
, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.

2 c. inf., know how to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
, cf. S.Ph. 1010, Ar.V. 376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med. 664, D.4.40; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex.
Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι E.Hipp. 729
.

3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag. 1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76
; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος E.Hec. 397
: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς A.Ch. 234
; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα Th.1.69
: with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.

4 less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers. 337
, cf. S.Ph. 1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44
; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers. 431
; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA 1005
.

5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El. 332
; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b
, etc.

6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48
, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.

7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R. 40cb; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra. 396d
.

8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ E.Med. 948
; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94, 963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι ) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl. 889
:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq. 1158, cf. Pax 1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT 543; also οἶσθ'.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT 1203: rarely with the [tense] fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc. 131, cf. Med. 600 codd.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εἴδω
15 βδελυρός

βδελυρός

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `disgusting, loathsome' (Ar.)

Derivatives: βδελύσσομαι (- ττ-), fut. βδελύξομαι `feel a loathing' (Hp.), act. - ύσσω, - ύττω (LXX) with βδελυγμία (Cratin.) etc. Vb. adj. βδελυκτός ( βδελύκτροπος from *βδελυκτο-τροπος A.). PN Βδελυ-κλέων (Ar.). βδελυχρός (Epich.)

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: βδελυρός is mostly explained as formed from βδέ-ω with a λυ-suffix (as in θῆ-λυ-ς), but this is hardly possible. A verb in - εω does not give a stem in -ε to which suffixes can be added. Then, a suffix - λυ- probably does not exist: θῆλυς seems rather built on an λ-stem (DELG, Frisk); and - λυ- was certainly no longer productive (Chantr. Form. 121). Here an λ-suffix was seen in βδέλλων τρέμων η βδέων, βδέλεσθαι κοιλιολυτεῖν H. (forms which are doubted) and in βδόλος `stench' (Com. Adesp. 781; cf. γαλεόβδολον, s. γαλέη). But these form are as difficult: there was no stem βδε- to which a suffix could be added. Also, it seems not clear from the meaning that βδελυρός was derived from βδέω (in H. forms are often explained with μισέω): that later the verb influenced by the meaning is easy to understand. Therefore the word cannot be explained as a Greek formation. It then seems probable to analyse βδελ-υρ-, both components of which are prob. Pre-Greek: βδ- and the suffix - υρ- (s. Beekes, Pre-Greek).

Page in Frisk: 1,229-230

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βδελυρός
16 οἶδα

οἶδα,

A [tense] pf. morphology, οἶδα I know, used as [tense] pres.: [tense] plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as [tense] impf.:—[tense] pf. οἶδα, [dialect] Aeol. ὄϊδα Alc. 145
; [ per.] 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc. 456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc. 780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., [dialect] Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. οἶσθας Cratin.105
, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Dor. ἴδμεν, also [dialect] Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib. 283, al.]; οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17
, οἴδατε AP12.81
(Mel.), οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43
, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual, οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1
: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω, late ἰδέτω Phalar.Ep. 122
codd.: from [ per.] 3pl. ἴσασι ( ἴσαντι Epich. 53
) were formed [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1sg. ἴσᾱμι Epich.254
, Pi.P.4.248; [ per.] 3sg. ἴσατι IG14.644.4
([place name] Bruttii); [ per.] 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14
, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. [ per.] 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι GDI5024
; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19
, dat. sg. ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29
, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες GDI5024
: subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. εἰδέωσι SIG45.21
(Halic., V B.C.); [dialect] Ep. also εἴδω Od.1.174
, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131), εἴδομεν Il.1.363
, εἴδετε Od.9.17
: opt. εἰδείην, [ per.] 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν Pl.La. 190b
, R. 582a: inf. εἰδέναι, [dialect] Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25
: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, [dialect] Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς Schwyzer 409
:—[tense] plpf. ᾔδεα Il.14.71
, Hdt.2.150, [var] contr. ᾔδη S.Ant.18
, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp. 199a, ᾔδησθα Od.19.93
, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec. 551, E.Cyc. 108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε ([etym.] ν) Il.17.402, al., ᾔδη 1.70
, al. (also later [dialect] Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), [dialect] Att. [var] contr. ᾔδει ([etym.] ν) E. Ion 1187, Ar.V. 558, etc.; [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. - εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; [dialect] Att. also [ per.] 1sg. ᾔδειν D.37.24
, [ per.] 2sg. ᾔδεις Ar.Th. 554
, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82
, Arist.APo. 87b40, ᾔδεμεν Men.14D.
(to be read in S.OT 1232), ᾔδειτε D.55.9
, etc. ( ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), [dialect] Ion. ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58
([etym.] συν-) , ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23
, Str.15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175
, Thgn.54, etc.; late [dialect] Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr. 340, E. Cyc. 231, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἴσαν Il.18.405
, Od.4.772:—[tense] fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι Il.1.548
, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach. 332, etc.; also εἰδήσω Od.7.327
, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top. 108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257
.—The [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; [tense] aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN 1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper. εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2
(iii B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551
, cf. Pl.R. 365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4
: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med. 593; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp. 740
, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277
; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229
; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412
; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525
; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202
; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250
; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823
; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710
; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665
; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438
; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach. 860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365
; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250
; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36
, cf. 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R. 337d
, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.

2 c. inf., know how to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
, cf. S.Ph. 1010, Ar.V. 376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med. 664, D.4.40; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex.
Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι E.Hipp. 729
.

3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag. 1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76
; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος E.Hec. 397
: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς A.Ch. 234
; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα Th.1.69
: with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.

4 less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers. 337
, cf. S.Ph. 1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44
; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers. 431
; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA 1005
.

5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El. 332
; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b
, etc.

6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48
, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.

7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R. 40cb; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra. 396d
.

8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ E.Med. 948
; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94, 963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι ) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl. 889
:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq. 1158, cf. Pax 1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT 543; also οἶσθ'.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT 1203: rarely with the [tense] fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc. 131, cf. Med. 600 codd.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > οἶδα
17 πρότερος

πρότερος and [full] πρῶτος, [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. formed from πρό, opp. ὕστερος, ὕστατος.

A [comp] Comp. [full] πρότερος, α, ον,

I of Place, before, in front, π. πόδες the fore-feet, Od.19.228; π. ἵπποι horses in front, B.5.43:— but mostly,

II of Time, former, earlier, ἄνδρες Il.21.405
; ἄνθρωποι 5.637
, 23.332; οἱ π. men of former times, 4.308 (rarely without Art., A.Ag. 1338 (anap.), etc.); οὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς π. τ' ἀνθρώπων Il.23.790
: also, older, opp. ὁπλότερος, 2.707, etc.; γενεῇ π. 15.182; but παῖδες π. children by the first or a former marriage, Od.15.22; παῖδες ἐκ τῆς π. γυναικός Hdt.7.2
; τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the day before, Od.16.50; ἠοῖ τῇ π. Il.13.794 (in Prose more freq. τῇ προτεραίᾳ, cf. προτεραῖος); τοῦ π. ἐνιαυτοῦ the year before, IG12.352.11; τοῖς π. Παναθηναίοις the preceding P., ib.57.8; τὰ π. what has preceded, Plot.3.2.8:—freq. used predicatively, sts. where we should expect the Adv. (which is never used by Hom.), ὅ με π. κάκ' ἔοργε Il.
3.351, cf. 16.569, Hes.Op. 708, etc.; σπονδὰς οὐ λύσετε πρότεροι Th.1.123
; οἱ π. ἐπιόντες ibid.; τοῖς π. μετὰ Κύρου ἀναβᾶσι X.An.1.4.12
, cf. IG22.1.7; εἰ μὴ π. ἑωράκη αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνος ἐμέ Pl.R. 336d
, cf. 432c, etc.;
ὅτι εἴη π. ὑπὸ ἐκείνων ἠδικημένος
PCair.Zēn.
288.9
(iii B.C.).

2 as regular [comp] Comp., c. gen., ἐμέο πρότερος Il.10.124
; π. τούτων Hdt.1.168
, cf. Pl.Phd. 86b, Hp.Ma. 282d; τὰς γυναῖκας μὴ ἀπιέναι προτέρας τῶν ἀνδρῶν IG12(5).593.19
(Iulis, v B.C.); τῇ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς τροπῆς the day before.., Arist.Pol. 1316a16; προτέρᾳ εἰδυῶν Ὀκτωμβρίων IG7.2225.14
(Thisbe, Senatus Consultum, ii B.C.); τῷ π. ἔτει Παναθηναίων τῶν μεγάλων ib.22.212.27; τῷ π. ἔτει τῆς ἥττης Plb.2.43.6
: folld. by ἤ, τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτεϊ ἢ τὸν κρητῆρα [ἐληΐσαντο] Hdt.3.47.

III of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, superior, τῷ γένει, τῇ δυνάμει, Is.1.17, D.3.15; π. τινὸς πρός τι superior to him in.., Pl.La. 183b; π. τι ἄγειν, π. ποιήσασθαι τὰ σὰ πράγματα, Lib.Or.58.36,52.1.

IV after Hom., neut. πρότερον freq. as Adv., before, earlier, Pi.O.13.31, Hdt.4.45, IG12.374.265, etc.; ὀλίγον π. Pl.Prt. 317e: c. gen., π. φήμης A.Th. 866
(anap.); ὀλίγῳ τι π. τούτων Hdt.8.95
; πολλοῖσι ἔτεσι π. τούτων ib.96; ἐνιαυτῷ π. τῆς ἁλώσεως D.9.60
; also πρὸ τῶν Περσικῶν δέκα ἔτεσι π. Pl.Lg. 642d, cf. Criti. 112a; τούτου π. Paus.1.1.2: most freq. folld. by ἤ, π. ἢ κατὰ τὴν προσδοκίαν Pl.Sph. 264b
; also μὴ π. ἀπαναστῆναι ἢ ἐξέλωσι Hdt.9.87
, cf. 7.54, Antipho 2.1.2, Th.7.63, etc.: with inf., π. ἢ βασιλεῦσαι Hdt.7.2
, cf. Th.1.69, etc.: folld. by πρίν, Hdt.1.82; by πρὶν ἄν, ib. 140; by πρὶν ἤ with vb. in Indic., Id.6.45, 8.8, or Subj., 7.8.β (v.l. πρὶν ἂν ἢ), 9.93; also οὐ π. εἰ μὴ.. Plu.Lys.10
, etc.; οὐ π. ἕως.. , or ἕως ἂν.., Lys.12.71, Ath.14.640c; μὴ π., ἀλλ' ὅταν.. Plb.9.13.3
: also used with the Art., τὸ π. Pl.R. 522a, X.An.4.4.14, etc. ( τὸ π., also, for the first time, Ep. Gal.4.13): c. gen., τὸ π. τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων Hdt.2.144
: the Adv. is freq. put between Art. and Subst., ὁ π. βασιλεύς Id.1.84
; τὰ π. ἀδικήματα Id.6.87
; αἱ π. ἁμαρτίαι Ar.Eq. 1355
, etc.

B [comp] Sup. [full] πρῶτος, η, ον, [dialect] Dor. [full] πρᾶτος (q.v.):

I as Adj.,

1 of Place, foremost, πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα Od.18.379
; ἐν πρώτοις, μετὰ πρώτοισι alone, Il.19.424, 11.64; πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ, 15.340, 17.380; τῆς πρώτης τάττειν (sc. τάξεως) Isoc. 12.180, cf. Lys.16.15, etc.; ἐν π. ῥυμῷ at the front or end of the pole, Il.6.40, 16.371; πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν at the outermost doors, 22.66; π. ξύλον the front bench, Ar.Ach.25, Poll.4.121, etc.; οἱ π. πόδες, like πρόσθιοι, Id.1.193.

2 of Time, στάντα πρὸς π. ἕω looking towards first dawn, S.OC 477; περὶ π. νύκτα Poll.1.70
.

3 of Order, serving as ordinal to εἷς, ἄεθλα θῆκε.. τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ.., αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ.., κτλ., Il.23.265, cf. 6.179; opp. ὕστατος, 2.281, 5.703, etc.; opp. τελευταῖος, A.Ag. 314; opp. τανύστατος, Od. 9.449; πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.2.2
; τὰ π. τῶν ὀνομάτων Pl.Cra. 421d
; τῇ π. τῶν ἡμερέων Hdt.7.168
, etc.; π. ἄξων IG12.115.10
; ἐπὶ τοῦ π. [ἱερείου] first-offered, X.An.4.3.9; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις in the earlier books, Arist.Ph. 263a11, al.; ἐν πρώτοις among the first, Is.7.40; hence, above all, especially, Hdt.8.69, Pl.R. 522c; in [dialect] Att., ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι (v. ὁ, ἡ, τό A.
VIII. 6):—freq. used predicatively of being the first to do something, Νέστωρ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε Il.10.532
; πρῶτος ἀνατέλλει Eratosth.Cal.42
; εἴθε π. σοι ἐνέτυχον Luc.Tyr.21
.

b Philos., first in order of existence, primary, αἱ π. οὐσίαι Arist.Cat. 2b26
, cf. Metaph. 1032b2; π. ὕλη, π. φιλοσοφία, ib. 1015a7, 1061b19; primitive, simple, οἰκία π., ἡ π. πόλις, Id.Pol. 1252b10, 1291a17; ἡ π. κοινωνία ib. 1257a19; ἡ π. ὀλιγαρχία ib. 1293a14; ὁ π. συλλογισμός normal, typical, Id.Rh. 1357a17; τὰ π. σώματα, μόρια,= τὰ ὁμοιομερῆ, Gal.5.673,674; πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν, e.g. health, perception, Stoic.3.34; τὰ π. πάθη ib.92; αἱ π. ἀρεταί ib.64.

c Math., πρῶτοι ἀριθμοί prime numbers, Euc.7 Def.11,12; but also, first numbers (= 1 to 100,000,000) in the notation of Archim., Aren.3.2.

d πρῶτος is sts. used where we should expect πρότερος, Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν Il.13.502
, cf. 18.92: in late Greek folld. by gen., πρῶτός μου ἦν Ev.Jo.1.15
,30, cf. 15.18; οἱ πρῶτοί μου ταῦτα ἀνιχνεύσαντες Ael.NA 8.12
; πρώτη εὕρηται ἡ περὶ τοὺς πόδας κίνησις τῆς διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Ath. 14.630c
; γεννήτορα πρῶτον μητέρος εἰς ἀΐδην πέμψει Man.1.329
, 4.404; ἀλόχου πρῶτος before his wife, IG12(5).590.5 (vi (?) A.D.).

4 of Rank or Dignity, μετὰ πρώτοισιν among the first men of the state, Od.6.60, etc.; νομίσαντες πρῶτοι ἂν εἶναι Th.6.28
; διαβάλλειν τοὺς π. X.An.2.6.26, cf. Arist.Pol. 1266a18; αἱ π. πόλεις Th. 2.8
; ὁ π. ἄρχων IG12(3).481.10
([place name] Thera), CIG 2837 ([place name] Aphrodisias); ὁ π. τῆς πόλεως, as a title, IG12(5).292.2 ([place name] Paros); ὁ π. τῆς νήσου Act.Ap.28.7
; τῶν π. φίλων, title at the Ptolemaic court, PTeb.31.15 (ii B.C.), etc.; τῶν π., as military title, PHib.1.110.72 (iii B.C.), PPetr.3p.23 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 815 Fr.4.23,al.(iii B.C.): c. gen., ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων Il.15.643
; οἱ π. στρατοῦ S.Ph. 1305
, cf. E.Hec. 304, etc.: c. dat. modi, ἀρετῇ π., οἱ π. καὶ χρήμασι καὶ γένει, πλούτῳ π. τῶν Ἑλλήνων, etc., S.Ph. 1425, Th.3.65, Isoc.16.31, etc.; π. ἐν συμφοραῖς βίου S.OT33
.

5 of Degree, first, highest, μοῖρα Id.OC 145
(anap.), etc.

II as Subst. in neut. pl. πρῶτα, τά,

1 (sc. ἆθλα), first prize, τὰ π. λαβών Il.23.275
; τὰ π. δόρει κρατύνων S.OC 1313
; ἔχειν πρῶτα κυναγεσίας AP6.118
(Antip.); τὰ π. φέρεσθαι D.C.42.57
, etc.

2 first part, beginning, τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὰ π. Pl.R. 392e; ἐν τοῖς π. Id.Smp. 221d; τὸ π. τοῦ ᾄσματος Id.Prt. 343c
.

3 first, highest, in degree, τὰ π. τᾶς λιμῶ ([dialect] Dor. ) the extremities of famine, Ar.Ach. 743 (nisi leg. ἄπρατα) ; ἐχέτωσαν τὰ π. τῆς εὐδαιμονίας Luc.Cont.10
; ἐς τὰ π. τιμᾶσθαι Th.3.39
, cf. 56; φρενῶν ἐς τὰ ἐμεωυτοῦ π. οὔκω ἀνήκω I have not yet come to the highest development of my judgment, Hdt.7.13, cf. D.C.38.22; of persons, ἐὼν τῶν Ἐρετριέων τὰ π. Hdt. 6.100; Λάμπων.. Αἰγινητέων < ἐὼν> τὰ π. Id.9.78, cf. E.Med. 917; ἐστὶν τὰ π. τῆς ἐκεῖ μοχθηρίας (of a person) Ar.Ra. 421.

4 Philos., primary things, elements, Emp.38.1, Arist.GC 335a29; τὰ π. αἴτια Id.Mete. 338a20
; also τὸ π. ἐνυπάρχον ἑκάστῳ Id.Ph. 193a10
.

5 in Logic, the first undemonstrable propositions, on which all future conclusions rest, Id.Top. 100b18; τὰ π. ἀναπόδεικτα Id.APo. 71b26
.

III in Adverbial phrases,

1 τὴν πρώτην (sc. ὥραν, ὁδόν) first, for the present, just now, Hdt.3.134, Ar. Th. 662, D.3.2, Arist.Metaph. 1038a35, etc.; τὴν πρώτην εἶναι Hdt.1.153
.

2 with Preps., ἀπὸ πρώτης (sc. ἀρχῆς) Antipho 5.56, Th.1.77; ἀπὸ τῆς π. εὐθύς Luc.Hist.Conscr.1
; ἐκ π. Babr.45.14; κατὰ πρώτας Pl.Plt. 292b
, D.C.52.19; κατὰ τὴν π. εὐθύς Id.62.3
; παρὰ τὴν π. the first time, opp. ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας, Philostr.VA 1.22.

3 freq. as Adv. in neut. sg. and pl., πρῶτον, πρῶτα,

a first, in the first place, πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον (vulg. ὕστερον) Hes.Th. 34; π. μὲν.., δεύτερον αὖ.., τὸ τρίτον αὖ.. Il.6.179
; τί π. τοι ἔπειτα, τί δ' ὑστάτιον καταλέξω; Od.9.14; Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ'.. Il.5.458
; οὐρῆας μὲν π. ἐπῴχετο.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. 1.50
; π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. S.OC 632
, X.Cyr.2.1.2,23, An.5.6.7-8, Hier.11.8, etc.; π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. Pl.Phd. 89a
, etc.; π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δεύτερον.., τρίτον δὲ.. Aeschin.1.7
; π. μὲν.., εἶτα.. Pl.Phlb. 15b
; π. μὲν.., εἶτα δὲ.. X. An.1.2.16
; π. μὲν.., εἶτα.., ἔτι δὲ.. Id.Mem.1.2.1
; π. μὲν..,.. δὲ αὖ.. Pl.Lg. 935a
; π. μὲν.., ἔτι δὲ.. Lys.4.10
, etc.; π. μὲν.., ἔτι τοίνυν.. D.44.57
; freq. answered only by δέ, Id.9.48, etc.; sts. the answering clause must be supplied, A.Ag. 810, D.7.7, etc.: also πρῶτον μὲν.. δεύτερον μήν.. Pl.Phlb. 66a
: also πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. S.Tr. 616
, Ar.Pl. 728; πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.., εἶτα.. E.Med. 548
; πρῶτα μὲν..,.. δὲ.. A.Pr. 447
; πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. X HG7.1.7, cf. S. Ph. 919; ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω since my first meeting is with you, Od. 13.228, cf. 7.53, Il.8.274: also τὸ πρῶτον, first, in the first place, at the beginning, ὡς τὸ π. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα 4.267
; οὕνεκά σ' οὐ τὸ π., ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδ' ἀγάπησα Od.23.214
. cf. Il.3.443, 6.345, Pi.P.9.41, N.3.49; τὸ μὲν οὖν π. Pl.Prt. 333d, etc.; τὸ π..., μετὰ ταῦτα..

D 1.12: also τὰ π., Il.1.6, Od.1.257, etc.; πόντῳ μὲν τὰ π..., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. Il.4.424
; τὰ π. μὲν.., ὡς δὲ.. A.Pers. 412
; τὰ π..., τέλος δὲ.. S.Fr.149.5
, cf. 966.

b too early, before the time, ἦ τ' ἄρα καὶ σοὶ πρῶτα (v.l. for πρωΐ) παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλε Μοῖρ' ὀλοή Od.24.28
.

c = πρότερον, before, ἢν.. πρῶτον ἀπόλωμαι κακῶς Ar.Ec. 1079
; π. οὐδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς.. κρατηθέντες X.HG5.4.1
; θάλασσα π. ἦν ἢ γενέσθαι γῆν v.l. in Heraclit.31; λόγῳ π. ἢ τοῖς ἔργοις Arist.Rh.Al. 1420b28
; οὐ π. αὐτὴν ἀπέκτειναν πρὶν ἢ ἀπεκύησεν Ael.VH5.18
; π. συμμελετᾶν ἢ μελετᾶν μαθέτω AP12.206
(Strat.).

d first, for the first time, οὐ.. νῦν πρῶτα ποδώκεος ἄντ' Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι Il.20.89
; οὐ νῦν πρῶτον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλαι S.Ph. 966
; ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον ἔφαγον X.An.2.3.16
.

e πρῶτον, πρῶτα are used after the relat. Pron. and after relat.Advbs., like Engl. once (= at all), οὐδ' ἐνοσίχθων λήθετ' ἀπειλάων, τὰς.. Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἐπηπείλησε Od.13.127
, cf. 3.320, 10.328, 13.133, Il. 1.319, 19.136; μοῖραν δ' οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν.. ἐπὴν τὰ π. γένηται when once he is born, 6.489, cf. Od.3.183, 4.13, 414; οὔτε.. Λυκίους ἐδύναντο τείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεὶ τὰ π. πέλασθεν Il.12.420
, cf. Od.11.106, 221; also ἐπεὶ τὸ (or τὰ) π. now that.., ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ π. ἀνέκραγον, οὐκ ἐπικεύσω now that I have spoken up, 14.467; τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπε Il.1.235
, cf. 276, 19.9: c. part., τῷ ῥ' Αἴας τὸ π. ἐφεζόμενος μέγ' ἀάσθη (the rock) on which once seated

A blasphemed, Od.4.509: the sense as soon as is never necessary in Hom., but is possible in Od.4.414, 19.355; δινέμεν εὖτ' ἂν πρῶτα φανῇ σθένος Ὠαρίωνος when once (or perh., as soon as), Hes.Op. 598; ὅπως τις πρῶτα γένοιτο πάντας ἀποκρύπτεσκε as soon as each was born, Id.Th. 156; ὡς τὸ π. X.An.7.8.14; τότ' εὐθὺς.., ὅτε πρῶτον εἶδον D.18.141
; αὖθίς με ἀνερέσθαι ὅταν ἐντύχῃς πρῶτον the first time you meet me, Pl.Ly. 211b; ἐὰν μάθω γε πρῶτον.. τί λέγεις Id.R. 338c
.

IV Adv. πρώτως primarily, first in Arist., π. καὶ κυρίως EN 1157a30
; opp. δευτέρως, ib. 1158b31; π. καθ' αὑτό, opp. κατὰ συμβεβηκός, Id.Ph. 192b22, cf. Gal.1.692, al., Jul.Or.5.168b.

2 ὅτε π. ἐπεδήμησεν.. when he first visited.., BSA27.228 (Sparta, ii A.D.).—(From πρῶτος was formed a new [comp] Sup. πρώτιστος, q.v.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρότερος
18 τεύχω

τεύχω, Il.1.110, S.Tr. 756, etc.: [tense] fut.

A τεύξω Od.1.277
: [tense] aor. ἔτευξα Il.14.338
, etc.; [dialect] Ep. τεῦξα 18.609
, Od.8.276: [tense] pf. τέτευχα AP6.40
(Maced.), 9.202 (Leo Phil.), intr. once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.3); in correct writers τέτευχα is the [tense] pf. of τυγχάνω (for in Il.13.346 ἡρώεσσι τετεύχατον or τετεύχετον is f.l. for ἐτεύχετον):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τεύξομαι in act. sense, Il.19.208 (dub. l. here and in A.Ag. 1230), but prob. pass. in Il.5.653 (elsewh. [tense] fut. of τυγχάνω): [tense] aor. inf. τεύξασθαι h.Ap.76
, 221: redupl. [tense] aor. τετῠκεῖν, -έσθαι, v. infr. 1.1:—[voice] Pass., 3 [tense] fut. τετεύξομαι Il.21.322
, 585: [tense] aor. ἐτύχθην 4.470
, A.Eu. 353 (lyr.); ἐτεύχθην Hp.Decent.17
(v.l.), AP6.207 (Arch.), etc. (but this belongs equally to τυγχάνω): [tense] pf. τέτυγμαι, [tense] plpf. ἐτετύγμην, freq. in Hom., etc., v. infr.; [ per.] 3pl. τετεύχαται, ἐτετεύχατο, τετεύχατο, Il.13.22, 11.808, 18.574: (v. τυγχάνω):—make ready, make, freq. in [dialect] Ep. and Lyr.; also in A., but rare in S. and E. (once in Com., Eub.43); never in Prose.

I produce by work or art; esp. of material things, make, build, δώματα, θάλαμον, νηόν, etc., Il.6.314, 14.166, Od.12.347, etc.; of a worker in metal, τὸ μὲν [σκῆπτρον] Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων Il.2.101
; θώρηκα, τὸν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων 8.195
; τρίποδας.. ἔτευχεν [Ἥφαιστος] 18.373; τ. δόλον, of the net which Hephaestus wrought, Od.8.276; τέκτονος υἱόν,.. ὃς χερσὶν ἐπίστατο δαίδαλα πάντα τεύχειν Il.5.61
; of women's handiwork, εἵματα τ. Od.7.235; of a cook, δεῖπνον τετυκεῖν dress or prepare a meal, 15.77,94 (so in [voice] Med., prepare a meal or have it prepared, of those who are to eat it, 20.390; τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα Il.1.467
, 2.430; τεύχοντο δαῖτα Od.10.182
; τεύξεσθαι δόρπον Il.19.208
; δόρπον τετύκοντο Od.12.307
, cf. 283, al. (the [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. τετυκεῖν, τετυκέσθαι is used in this sense only)); also τεῦχε κυκειῶ Il.11.624
; ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι preparing meal (by grinding the grain), Od.20.108; αὐτὰρ ὁ εἴδωλον τεῦξ' formed, created it, Il5.449: so also in Pi. and A., θεὸς ὁ τὰ πάντα τεύχων βροτοῖς Pi.Fr. 141
, cf. O.1.30; δαῖτ'.. ἔτευξεν A.Ag. 731
(lyr.); φάρμακον τεύχουσα ib. 1261; ὦ γαῖα κεραμί, τίς σε Θηρικλῆς ποτε ἔτευξε; Eub. l.c.:—[voice] Pass., δώματα τετεύχαται Il.13.22
; ἐν βήσσῃσι τετυγμένα δώματα Od.10.210
, 252, cf. 21.215; θεῶν ἐτετεύχατο βωμοί Il. 11.808
; βωμὸς.. τέτυκτο Od.17.210
; νηός γε τέτυκτο Il.5.446
; οἱ.. σῆμα τετεύξεται for him a tomb shall be built, 21.322; εἵματα.. τετυγμένα χερσὶ γυναικῶν 22.511
; ἱμάντα.., ᾧ ἔνι πάντα τετεύχαται in which all are wrought, are to be found, 14.220: τετύχθαι τινός to be made of.., βόες χρυσοῖο τετεύχατο κασσιτέρου τε 18.574
; περόνη χρυσοῖο τέτυκτο Od.19.226
, cf. Hes.Sc. 208: c. dat. rei, τετυγμένα δώματα.. ξεστοῖσιν λάεσσι built with or of.., Od.10.210; αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται, αἱ δ' ἐλέφαντι 19.563
; but δόμον.. αἰθούσῃσι τετυγμένον built or furnished with.., Il.6.243.

2 [tense] pf. part. τετυγμένος freq. has the sense of an Adj., = τυκτός, well=made, well-wrought, τεῖχος, βωμὸς τετ., Il.14.66, Od.22.335, al.; σάκος, δέπας, κρητήρ, Il.14.9, 16.225, 23.741, al.; ἄγγεα Od.9.223
; δῶρα 16.185
; ἀγρός wrought, tilled, 24.206: metaph., νόος ἐν στήθεσσι τετυγμένος a ready, constant mind, 20.366.

3 [tense] pf. part. [voice] Act. occurs once in pass. sense, ῥινοῖο τετευχώς made of hide, 12.423.

II of natural phenomena. actions, events, etc., cause, bring to pass, τ. ὄμβρον ἠὲ χάλαζαν, of Zeus, Il.10.6; αἱ δὲ [πύλαι] πετασθεῖσαι τεῦξαν φάος 21.538
; παλίωξιν τ. 15.70, cf. Hes.Sc. 154 ([voice] Pass.); βοὴν διὰ ἄστεος Od.10.118
; γέλω δ' ἑτάροισιν ἔτευχε 18.350
; γάμον τ. 1.277; τ. πομπήν 10.18
, cf. Pi.P.4.164; τ. πόλεμον καὶ φύλοπιν Od.24.476
; θάνατόν τινι 20.11
; ἄλγεα, κήδεά τινι, work one woe, Il.1.110, Od. 1.244; ἐν δ' ἄρα οἱ στήθεσσι.. αἱμυλίους τε λόγους καὶ ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος τεῦξε Hes.Op.79
, cf. 265, Th. 570; τ. ξείνια Pi.P.4.129
; τ. μέλος ib.12.19; τ. γέρας, τιμάν τινι, get him honour, Id.I.1.14,67; τ. κακά A.Eu. 125
; τ. στάσιν ἐν ἀλλήλαισι, i.e. to quarrel, Id.Pers. 189; τ. φόβον Id.Pr. 1090
(anap.); σφαγάς S.Tr. 756
; τάφον E.Rh. 959
; φίλοις ἔριν Id.Andr. 644
; κρυπτὸν δόλον Call.
in PSI11.1218a6:— [voice] Pass., to be caused, and so, arise, occur, ἔργον ἐτύχθη ἀργαλέον Il. 4.470
, cf. 2.320; οὐ γὰρ ἔτ' ἀνσχετὰ ἔργα τετεύχαται Od.2.63
, cf. Il.14.53, 22.450; τὰ δ' οὐ ἴσαν, ὡς ἐτέτυκτο Od.4.772
, cf. 392; ἡμῖν νεῖκος ἐτύχθη Il.11.671
; πὰρ Διὸς ἀθανάτοισι χόλος καὶ μῆνις ἐτύχθη 15.122
; Ἀργείοισι.. νόστος ἐτύχθη 2.155
; ὅμαδος ἐτ. 12.471, etc.; τετεύξεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ib. 345, cf. 5.653; εἰ δή μοι ὁμοίη μοῖρα τέτυκται is ordained, 18.120; ὁπποτέρῳ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα τέτυκται 3.101
; φόνος υἷι τέτ. Od.4.771; φίλοισι δὲ κήδεα.. τετεύχαται 14.138
, cf. Il.21.585; ἐν βροτοῖς γέρων λόγος τέτυκται there exists, A.Ag. 751 (lyr.), cf. E.El. 457 (lyr.).

III c. acc. pers., make so and so, ὄφρα μιν.. ἄγνωστον τεύξειεν Od.13.191
, cf. 397; τ. τινὰ ἰσοδαίμονα, μέγαν, εὐδαίμονα, Pi.N.4.84, A.Eu. 668, E.Heracl. 614 (lyr.): of things, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως οὐδὲ θεὸς τεύξειε Od.8.177
: c. dupl. acc., ὦ πούς, τί σε.. τεύξω; what shall I make of thee? S.Ph. 1189 (lyr.):—hence in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Pass. simply for γίγνεσθαι or εἶναι, Ζεὺς ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται Il.4.84
; [Ὠκεανὸς] γένεσις πάντεσσι τέτ. 14.246; ὅς ῥα Σκαμάνδρου ἀρητὴρ ἐτετυκτο 5.78
, cf. 16.605; οὐ μὲν γάρ τι καταθνητός γ' ἐτ. 5.402, cf. 16.622; νόον ἐν πρώτοισι.. ἐτ. was among the first in mind, 15.643; γυναικὸς ἄρ' ἀντὶ τέτυξο thou was like a woman, 8.163; ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνός θ' ἱκέτης τε τέτυκται Od.8.546
; Νύμφαις, ταὶς Δίος ἐξ αἰγιόχω φαῖσι τετυγμέναις Alc.85
: also of things, τόδε σῆμα τετύχθω let this be the sign, Od.21.231, cf. Il.22.30: in [tense] aor. 1, πέπλων ἅκληρος ἐτύχθην A.Eu. 353
(lyr.), cf. Supp.87 (lyr.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τεύχω
19 ἵστημι

ἵστημι (cf. ἱστάω, ἱστάνω),

I causal, make to stand, imper. ἵστη Il.21.313
, E.Supp. 1230, καθ-ίστα Il.9.202
: [tense] impf. ἵστην, [dialect] Ep. ἵστασκε Od.19.574
; [ per.] 3pl. ἵσταν B.10.112
: [tense] fut. στήσω, [dialect] Dor. στᾱσῶ Theoc.5.54
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔστησα, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἔστᾰσαν for ἔστησαν dub. in Od.18.307, 3.182, 8.435, al. (v. ἔστᾰσαν): hence, in late Poets, ἔστᾰσας, ἔστᾰσε, AP9.714,708 (Phil.): [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. ἐστησάμην (never intr.), v. infr.A.111.2, 3: [tense] pf. ἕστᾰκα Cerc.3
, ([etym.] καθ-) Hyp.Eux.28, UPZ 112.5 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] περι-) Pl.Ax. 370d, ([etym.] ἀφ-) LXXJe.16.5, ([etym.] παρ-) Phld.Rh. 1.9S., al., ([etym.] συν-) S.E.M.7.109; also ἕστηκα (v. infr.) in trans. sense, ([etym.] δι-) Arist.Vent. 973a18, ([etym.] ἀφ-) v.l. in LXX l.c.; ἑστακεῖα trans. in Test.Epict.1.25.

II intr., stand,

1 [voice] Act., [tense] aor. 2 ἔστην, [dialect] Ep. στάσκον Il.3.217
; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστησαν, more freq. in Hom. ἔσταν, στάν [ᾰ]; imper. στῆθι, [dialect] Dor. στᾶθι Sapph.29
, Theoc.23.38; subj. στῶ, [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. στήῃς, στήῃ (for στῇς, στῇ), Il.17.30, 5.598; [ per.] 1pl. στέωμεν (as disyll.) 22.231, στείομεν 15.297
; opt. σταῖεν, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. σταίησαν 17.733
; inf. στῆναι, [dialect] Ep. στήμεναι 17.167
, Od.5.414, [dialect] Dor. στᾶμεν Pi.P.4.2
; part. στάς: [tense] pf. ἕστηκα: [tense] plpf. ἑστήκειν, sts. with strengthd. augm. εἱστήκειν, as E.HF 925, Ar.Av. 513, Th.1.89, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg. ἑστήκεε Hdt. 7.152
:—from Hom. downwds. the shorter dual and pl. forms of the [tense] pf. are preferred, ἕστᾰτον, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἑστᾶσι (IG12(8).356 (Thasos, vi B.C.), etc.), in Hdt. ἑστέᾱσι; imper. ἕστᾰθι Aristomen. 5
; subj. ἑστῶ; opt. ἑσταίην; inf. ἑστάναι, [dialect] Ep. ἑστάμεν, ἑστάμεναι ( ἑστηκέναι only late, as Ael.VH3.18); part. ἑστώς ( ἑστηκώς rare in early Gr., Hdt.2.126, Pl.Men. 93d, Lg. 802c, Arist. (infr. B.11.2), Alex.126.16, εἱστηκότα IG12.374.179
), fem. ἑστῶσα (not ἑστυῖα; but συνεστηκυιῶν prob. in Hp.Aër.10), neut. ἑστός Pl.Ti. 40b
, Tht. 183e, SIG 1234 ([place name] Lycia), etc., ([etym.] καθ-) POxy.68.32 (ii A.D.), ([etym.] ἐν-) PRyl. 98 (a).10 (ii A.D.), ([etym.] παρ-) Ar.Eq. 564 (- ώς freq. v.l. as in Pl. and Ar. ll.cc., preferred by Choerob.in Theod.2.313); gen. ἑστῶτος; [dialect] Ion. ἑστεώς, ἑστεός, ῶτος; [dialect] Ep. ἑστηώς Hes.Th. 747
; dat. pl. ἑστηῶσι cj. in Antim.16.5, cf. Call.Dian. 134; Hom. does not use the nom., but has gen. ἑστᾰότος, acc. ἑστᾰότα, nom. pl. ἑστᾰότες, as if from ἑσταώς: so also [tense] plpf. ἑστάτην, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἕστᾰσαν: late [tense] pres. ἑστήκω, formed from [tense] pf., Posidipp. ap. Ath.10.412e: hence, [tense] fut. ἑστήξω Hom. Epigr.15.14
, X.Cyr.6.2.17, Hegesipp.1.25, ἑστήξομαι X.Cyn.10.9
codd.

2 [voice] Pass., ἵσταμαι: imper. ἵστασο Hes.Sc. 449
, ἵστω S.Ph. 893
, Ar.Ec. 737: [tense] impf. ἱστάμην: [tense] fut. στᾰθήσομαι And.3.34
, Aeschin. 3.103: more freq. στήσομαι Il.20.90
, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐστάθην Od.17.463
, etc.; rarely ἔστην, [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg. ἔσστα SIG56.43
(Argos, v B.C.): [tense] pf. ἕσταμαι ([etym.] δι-) v.l. in Pl.Ti. 81d, κατεστέαται v.l. in Hdt.1.196. (From I.-E. sthā-, cf. Skt. sthā- ([tense] aor. á-sthā-t), Lat. stare, etc.; Gr. redupl. [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. fr. si-sthā-, se-sthā-.)

A Causal, make to stand, set up, πελέκεας ἑξείης Od.19.574
; ἔγχος μέν ῥ' ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα he set it against the pillar, 1.127, cf. Il. 15.126; ἱ. ἱστόν set up the loom, or raise the mast (v. ἱστός 1
and 11); κρητῆρας στήσασθαι to have bowls set up, Od.2.431; θεοῖς.. κρητῆρα στήσασθαι in honour of the gods, Il.6.528; στῆσαί τινα ὀρθόν, στ. ὀρθὰν καρδίαν, Pi.P.3.53,96; ὀρθῷ στ. ἐπὶ σφυρῷ Id.I.7(6).13
; ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱ. τινά E.Supp. 1230
; ὁ Ξανθίας τὸν φαλλὸν ὀρθὸν στησάτω Ar.Ach. 243
; ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν S.El.27
; στῆσαι λόγχας, for battle, Id.Ant. 145(lyr.); esp. raise buildings, statues, trophies, etc., ἱ. ἀνδριάντα Hdt.2.110
; τροπαῖα S.Tr. 1102
; τροπαῖον ἱ. τῶν πολεμίων Isoc.4.150
, cf.IG22.1457.26; τροπαῖον στησάμενοι X.HG2.4.7
; τροπαῖον ἂν στήσαιτο τῶν ταύτης τρόπων Ar.Pl. 453
; τὰ μακρὰ στῆσαι τείχη Th.1.69
; ἱ. τινὰ χαλκοῦν set him up in brass, raise a brazen statue to him, D.13.21, 19.261 (so in [tense] pf., stand, οὗτος ἕστηκε λίθινος Hdt.2.141
:—[voice] Pass., σφυρήλατος ἐν Ὀλυμπία στάθητι Pl.Phdr. 236b
; σταθῆναι χαλκοῦς Arist.Rh. 1410a33
).

II set, place, of things or persons, τρίποδ' ἔστασαν ἐν πυρί Od.8.435
, etc.; ὥς σ' ἄγχι γῆς στήσωσι Καδμείας S.OC 399
, etc.; fix, τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν Philostr.VA1.10
; esp. set men in order or array, πεζοὺς δ' ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν Il.4.298
, cf. 2.525, etc.; στῆσαί τινας τελευταίους X. Cyr.6.3.25
, etc.

III bring to a standstill, stay, check, λαὸν δὲ στῆσον Il.6.433
; νέας, ἵππους, ἡμιόνους στῆσαι, Od.3.182, Il.5.755, 24.350; μύλην στῆσαι to stop the mill, Od.20.111; στῆσεν ἄρ' (sc. ἡμιόνους) 7.4; στῆσε δ' ἐν Ἀμνισῷ (sc. νῆα) 19.188; βᾶριν Iamb.Myst.6.5
; στῆσαι τὴν φάλαγγα halt it, X.Cyr.7.1.5; ἵστησι ῥοῦν Pl.Cra. 437b
, etc.; ἵ. τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν ib. 437a; στ. τὰ ὄμματα fix them, of a dying man, Id.Phd. 118; στ. τὸ πρόσωπον compose the countenance, X.Cyr.1.3.9; στήσαντες ἐπὶ τούτων τὴν διήγησιν Plb. 3.2.6
: esp. in Medic., ἵ. κοιλίαν Dsc.1.20
; τὰς κοιλίας Philotim. ap. Orib.4.10.1; αἱμορραγίας Dsc.1.129
: abs., Arist.HA 605a29:—[voice] Med., ἱστάμενος τῷ νοσήματι Hp.Ep.19
( Hermes 53.65).

2 set on foot, stir up, κονίης.. ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην Il.13.336
; ἵστη δὲ μέγα κῦμα 21.313
; νεφέλην ἔστησε Κρονίων Od.12.405
, cf. Il.5.523; of battle, etc., φυλόπιδα στήσειν stir up strife, Od.11.314; ἔριν στήσαντες 16.292
(so intr. φύλοπις ἕστηκε the fray is on foot, Il.18.172):—also in [voice] Med., στησάμενοι δ' ἐμάχοντο ib. 533, Od.9.54; πολέμους ἵστασθαι Hdt.7.9
.β', 175, 236; so ἱστάναι βοήν A.Ch. 885
; κραυγήν E.Or. 1529
([voice] Pass., θόρυβος ἵσταται βοῆς arises, S.Ph. 1263); also of passions and states of mind, μῆνιν, ἐλπίδα στῆσαι, Id.OT 699, E.IA 788(lyr.).

3 set up, appoint, τινὰ βασιλέα Hdt.1.97
; τύραννον S.OT 940
, cf. OC 1041, Ant. 666:—[voice] Med., ἐστάσαντο τύραννον Alc.37
A; φύλακας στησόμεθα Pl.R. 484d
:—[voice] Pass., ὁ ὑπὸ Δαρείου σταθεὶς ὕπαρχος Hdt.7.105
, cf. IG 9(1).32.23 (Stiris, ii B.C.).

4 establish, institute, χορούς, παννυχίδα, Hdt.3.48, 4.76 (so στήσασθαι ἤθεά τε καὶ νόμους Id.2.35
; ἀγῶνα h.Ap. 150
); στῆσαι χορόν, Ὀλυμπιάδα, ἑορτάν, Pi.P.9.114, O.2.3, 10(11).58; κτερίσματα S.El. 433
; χορούς B.10.112
, D.21.51; οὐχ ὑγιῶς ἱστάμενος λόγον setting up a bad argument, Anon.Lond.26.34:—[voice] Pass., ἀγορὴ ἵσταταί τινι Hdt.6.58
.

5 = Lat. statuere, determine, γνῶναι καὶ στῆσαι D.H.8.68
; διαγεινώσκειν καὶ ἱστάναι Not. Arch.4.21
(Aug.):—[voice] Pass., τὰ ὑπό τινος σταθέντα OGI665.27
(Egypt, i A.D.); τὰ ἑσταμένα Wilcken Chr.167.27 (ii B.C.).

6 fix by agreement, ὁ σταθεὶς τόκος PGrenf.1.31.1
(i B.C.), cf. PFlor.14.11 (iv A.D.); τὸ ἑσταμένον ἐνοίκιον BGU253.15
(iii A.D.).

7 bring about, cause, ἀμπνοάν Pi.P.4.199
; στῆσαι δύσκηλον χθόνα make its case desperate, A.Eu. 825.

IV place in the balance, weigh, Il.19.247, 22.350, 24.232, Ar.V.40; [ ἐκπώματα] Thphr.Char.18.7; ἀριθμοῦντες καὶ μετροῦντες καὶ ἱστάντες X.Cyr.8.2.21
, etc.; ἱστάναι τι πρὸς ἀργύριον weigh a thing against silver, Hdt.2.65; ἀγαθὸς ἱστάναι good at weighing, Pl.Prt. 356b; τὸ ἐγγὺς καὶ τὸ πόρρω στήσας ἐν τῷ ζυγῷ ibid., cf. Lys.10.18; ἐπὶ τὸ ἱστάναι ἐλθεῖν have recourse to the scales, Pl.Euthphr.7c:—[voice] Pass., ἵστασθαι ἐπὶ ζυγοῦ Arr.Epict.1.29.15
;
σταθείς
weighed, IG11(2).161
B113 (Delos, iii B.C.).

2 weigh out, pay, LXX 3 Ki.21.39, cf. Za.11.12, Ev.Matt.26.15.

B [voice] Pass. and intr. tenses of [voice] Act., to be set or placed, stand, Hom. etc., ἀγχοῦ, ἆσσον, Il.2.172, 23.97; ἄντα τινός 17.30
; ἐς μέσσον Od.17.447
; σταθεὶς ἐς μέσον Hdt.3.130
; ἀντίοι ἔσταν, ἐναντίοι ἔστησαν, Il.1.535, Od.10.391: prov. of critical circumstances, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς Il.10.173
: freq. merely a stronger form of εἶναι, to be in a certain place or state, ἀργύρεοι σταθμοὶ ἐν χαλκέῳ ἕστασαν οὐδῷ Od.7.89
, etc.; ἑστάτω for ἔστω, S.Aj. 1084; τὰ νῦν ἑστῶτα,= τὰ νῦν, Id.Tr. 1271 (anap.); ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχος ἕστᾱκεν Id.Aj. 200
(lyr.): with Adv., ξυμφορᾶς ἵν' ἕσταμεν, ἵν' ἕστ. χρείας, in what case or need we are, Id.Tr. 1145, OT 1442; ποῦ τύχης ἕστηκεν; Id.Aj. 102; later also ἀδίκως, ὀρθῶς, εὐλαβῶς ἵστασθαι, behave wrongly, etc., Plb.18.3.2, 33.6.3, 18.33.4.

2 take up an intellectual attitude, ὡς ἵστασθαι δεῖ περὶ χρημάτων κτήσεως Phld.Oec.p.38J.
; οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἵ. Id.Rh.1.53S.

3 in pregnant sense, στῆναι ἐς.. Hdt.9.21
; στ. ἐς δίκην E.IT 962
; στ. παρά τινα Il.24.169
(but οἱ μὴ στάντες παρὰ τὰ δεινά those who did not face the danger, D.H.9.28): c. acc. loci, τί τοῦτ' αἰθερίαν ἕστηκε πέτραν; E.Supp. 987 (lyr.); στῆτε τόνδε τρίβον Id.Or. 1251
:c. acc. cogn., ποίαν μ' ἀνάστασιν δοκεῖς.. στῆναι; S.Ph. 277.

II stand still, halt, ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν Il.11.348
, cf. Od.6.211, 10.97; opp. φεύγω, 6.199, etc.; stand idle, Il.4.243, al.; ἑστάναι to be stationary, opp. κινεῖσθαι, Pl.R. 436c, etc.; κατὰ χώρην ἑστάναι Hdt.4.97
; οὐ μὴν ἐνταῦθ' ἕστηκε τὸ πρᾶγμα does not rest here, D.21.102, cf. 10.36; ἐὰν ἡ κοιλία στῇ if the bowels are constipated, Arist.HA 588a8: c. part., οὐ στήσεται ἀδικῶν D.10.10
; come to a stop, rest satisfied, ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἐπιβάλῃ, ἔπειτα σταθῇ Epicur. Fr. 423
; οὐχ ἱστάμενοι Plot.3.1.2
: impers., ἵσταται there is a stop, one comes to a stop, Arist.APr. 43a37, al.; οὐκ ἔστη ἐνταῦθα κακοῖς γενομένοις ἀποθανεῖν Plot.3.2.8
; also ἵστασθαι μέχρι τοῦ γένους Them.in APo. 55.8
,al.

2 metaph., stand firm, X.HG5.2.23; τῇ διανοίᾳ Plb.21.11.3
; of arguments or propositions, hold good, Phld.Rh.1.83, 2.192 S.: part., ἑστηκώς fixed, stable, Arist.GA 776a35, EN 1104a4, Metaph. 1047a15; δεῖ τὸ κρίμα ἑστηκὸς καὶ κύριον εἶναι SIG826ii29
(Delph., ii B.C.); λογισμὸς ἑστὼς καὶ νουνεχής Plb.3.105.9
; τέχναι οὐκ ἔχουσαι τὸ ἑστηκός, ἀλλὰ τὸ στοχαστικόν Phld.Rh.1.71S.
(so Adv. ἑστηκότως, opp. στοχαστικῶς, ib.70S.), cf. Iamb.Protr.21.
κ'; χρεία ἑστηκυῖα καὶ τεταγμένη Plb.6.25.10
; ἑστηκότα θεωρήματα, ἑστηκότες σκοποί, Phld.Rh.1.2S., Po.5.22; of age, ἑστηκυῖα ἡλικία Pl.Lg. 802c
; τιμαὶ ἑστηκυῖαι fixed prices, PTeb.ined.703.177.

III to be set up or upright, stand up, rise up, κρημνοὶ ἕστασαν Il.12.55
; ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν 24.359
, cf. A.Th. 564(lyr.), Pl. Ion 535c, etc.; κονίη ἵστατο Il.2.151
; ἵστατο κῦμα 21.240
; of a horse, ἵστασθαι ὀρθός to rear, Hdt.5.111; ἵστασθαι βάθρων from the steps, S.OT 143.

2 to be set up, erected, or built, στήλη, ἥ τ' ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἑστήκῃ Il.17.435
; ἕστακε τροπαῖον A. Th. 954
(lyr.); μνημεῖον Ar.Eq. 268
, etc.; v. supr. A.11.

3 generally, arise, begin, ἵστατο νεῖκος Il.13.333
; cf. A. 111.2.

4 in marking Time, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο when spring is not long begun, Od.19.519; ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς the seventh month was begun, Il. 19.117; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο as one month ends and the next begins, Od.14.162, cf. Hes.Op. 780; later μὴν ἱστάμενος, μεσῶν, φθίνων, first in Hdt.6.57, 106, cf. And.1.121, Aeschin.3.67; σχεδὸν ἤδη μεσημβρία ἵσταται Pl.Phdr. 242a
.

5 to be appointed, στῆναι ἐς ἀρχήν Hdt.3.80
; v. supr. A.111.3.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἵστημι
20 ὅδε

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, demonstr. Pron.,

A this, formed by adding the enclit. - δε to the old demonstr. Pron. ὁ, ἡ, τό, and declined like it through all cases: [dialect] Ep. dat. pl. τοῖσδεσσι, τοῖσδεσσιν, as well as τοῖσδε, Il.10.462, Od.2.47, al. ; and τοῖσδεσι 10.268
, 21.93 ; τοῖσδεσιν Democr. 175
; τοισίδε Hdt.1.32
, al.: [dialect] Aeol. gen. pl. τῶνδεων Alc.126
: Arg. gen. pl. τωνδεωνήν ( = τῶνδεων ἤν) Mnemos.57.208(vi B. C.): nom. pl. neut. ταδήν ibid., IG4.506.1 ; ταδή Sch.Ar.Ach. 744:—ὅδε, like οὗτος, is opp. ἐκεῖνος, to designate what is nearer as opp. to what is more remote ; but ὅδε refers more distinctly to what is present, to what can be seen or pointed out, though this distinction is sts. not observed, e.g. ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός, ἐν δὲ τοῖσδ' ἐγώ S.Ph. 1243
(v.l. τοῖς), cf. Ant. 449, and on the other hand, ἦ τόνδε φράζεις;—τοῦτον, ὅνπερ εἰσορᾷς Id.OT 1120
: the forms ὁδί, ἡδί, etc. [pron. full] [ῑ], are freq. in Com. and Oratt., but are not used in Trag.: the [pron. full] ῑ may be separated from the ὅδε by the adversative δέ, as τὸν μὲν.., τηνδεδί Ar.Av.18
, cf. Ec. 989.

I of Place, to point out what is present or before one, Ἕκτορος ἥδε γυνή this is, or here is, the wife of Hector, Il.6.460 : very freq. in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε Λήμνου S.Ph.
I, cf.E.Tr.4, Ion5,Hel.I,HF 4,Ba.1 ; in Com., ἐγὼ σιωπῶ τῷδε; Ar.Ra. 1134, etc.; and in Prose, ὧν Θεόδωρος εἷς ὅδε Pl.Tht. 164e
; of what belongs to this world, Id.Phdr. 250a, Smp. 211c.

2 with Verbs of action, = here, ἀνδρί, ὅστις ὅδε κρατέει who holds sway here, Il.5.175 ; ἔγχος μὲν τόδε κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονός here it lies, 20.345, cf. 21.533, Od.1.185, etc. ; ἥδ' ἡ κορώνη.. λέγει the crow here.., v.l. in Ar.Av.23 : freq. in Trag., esp. to indicate the entrance of a person on the stage, καὶ μὴν Ἐτεοκλῆς.. ὅδε χωρεῖ here comes.., E.Ph. 443, cf.S.OT 297, 531, 632, OC32, 549; f.l. in E.Heracl.80.

3 with a pers. Pron., ὅδ' ἐγὼ.. ἤλυθον here am I come, Od.16.205 ; ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα let us here.., 1.76 ; δῶρα δ' ἐγὼν ὅδε.. παρασχέμεν here am I [ ready] to provide.., Il.19.140 : with a pr. n., ὅδ' εἰμ' Ὀρέστης E.Or. 380
: with αὐτός, ὅδ' αὐτὸς ἐγώ Od.21.207
, 24.321.

4 also with τίς and other interrog. words, τίς δ' ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this following her? 6.276, cf. 1.225 ; τί κακὸν τόδε πάσχετε; what is this evil ye are suffering? 20.351 ; πρὸς ποῖον ἂν τόνδ'.. ἔπλει; S.Ph. 572, cf. 1204.

5 in Trag. dialogue, ὅδε and ὅδ' ἀνήρ, = ἐγώ, Id.OT 534, 815, etc.; γυναικὸς τῆσδε, for ἐμοῦ, A.Ag. 1438 ; τῆσδέ γε ζώσης ἔτι S.Tr. 305
; so ξὺν τῇδε χερί with this hand of mine, Id.Ant.43, cf. OT 811.

6 in Arist., τοδί designates a particular thing, 'such and such', τοδὶ διὰ τοδὶ αἱρεῖται EN 1151a35
; τόδε μετὰ τόδε GA 734a28
, cf. b9 ; Καλλίᾳ κάμνοντι τηνδὶ τὴν νόσον τοδὶ συνήνεγκε Metaph. 981a8
; τόδε τὸ ἐν τῷ ἡμικυκλίῳ APo. 71a20
; ἥδε ἡ ἰατρική, opp. αὐτὴ ἡ ἰ., Metaph. 997b30 ; τόδε τι a this, i.e. a fully specified particular, Cat. 3b10, al., cf. Gal.6.113,171 ; τόδε τι καὶ οὐσία Arist.Metaph. 1060b1
; πορευσόμεθα εἰς τήνδε τὴν πόλιν Ep. Jac.4.13.

II of Time, to indicate the immediate present, ἥδ' ἡμέρα S.OT 438
, etc.: more strongly, κατ' ἦμαρ.. τὸ νῦν τόδε Id.Aj. 753
; τοῦδ' αὐτοῦ λυκάβαντος Od.14.161
; but νυκτὸς τῆσδε in the night just past, S.Aj.21 ; νυκτὶ τῇδε Id.El. 644
; so τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ on this present journey, Id.OT 1478, cf. Ant. 878 (cj.) ; also ἀπόλλυμαι τάλας ἔτος τόδ' ἤδη δέκατον now for these ten years, Id.Ph. 312 ; τῶνδε τῶν ἀσκητῶν athletes of the present day, Pl.R. 403e.

2 ἐς τόδε elliptic c. gen., ἐς τόδ' ἡμέρας E.Ph. 425
; ἐς τόδε ἡλικίης Hdt.7.38
; πῶς ἐς τόδ' ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; S.OT 125.

III in sentences beginning this is.., the Engl. this is freq. represented by nom. pl. neut. τάδε ; ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἔρανος τάδε γ' ἐστίν this is not an ἔρανος, Od.1.226 ; ἆρ' οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ'; is not this insolence? S.OC 883 ; of persons, Ἀπόλλων τάδ' ἦν this was A., S. OT 1329 (lyr.) ; οὐ γὰρ ἔσθ' Ἕκτωρ τάδε E.Andr. 168
; οὐκέτι Τροία τάδε Id.Tr. 100
(anap.) ; οὐ τάδε Βρόμιος Id.Cyc.63
(lyr.) ; οὐκ Ἴωνες τάδε εἰσίν Th.6.77
; τάδ' οὐχὶ Πελοπόννησος, ἀλλ' Ἰωνία Inscr. ap.Str.9.1.6.

2 to indicate something immediately to come, τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ (which then follows) Il.1.41, 504, cf. 455, al. ; Ἀθηναίων οἵδε ἀπέθανον IG12.943.2
: hence, in historical writers, opp. what goes before (cf. οὗτος c. 1.2), ταῦτα μὲν Λακεδαιμόνιοι λέγουσι.., τάδε δὲ ἐγὼ γράφω Hdt.6.53
; ταῦτα μὲν δὴ σὺ λέγεις· παρ' ἡμῶν δὲ ἀπάγγελλε τάδε X.An.2.1.20
, etc. ; v. οὗτος B.1.2 ; opp. ἐκεῖνος, S.El. 784 : rarely applied to different persons in the same sentence, νῦν ὅδε [La<*>us] πρὸς τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν, οὐδὲ τοῦδ' ὕπο [ by Oedipus] Id.OT 948.

3 as 'antecedent' to a defining Relat., ὃν πόλις στήσειε, τοῦδε χρὴ κλύειν Id.Ant. 666
, cf. Tr.23, Ph.87, etc.: in Hom., in such cases, the δέ is separate, as ὃς δέ κε μηρίνθοιο τύχῃ.., ὁ δ' οἴσεται ἡμιπέλεκκα Il.23.858
, cf. Od.11.148, 149, al. (but ὅδε sts. has its deictic force and the relat. clause merely explains, as νήσου τῆσδ' ἐφ' ἧς ναίει S.Ph. 613
, cf. Il.2.346, X.An.7.3.47, etc.).

IV Adverbial usage of some cases:

1 τῇδε,

a of Place, here, on the spot, Il.12.345, Od. 6.173, etc. ; so τῶν τε ὑπὸ γῆς θεῶν καὶ τῶν τ. Pl.Lg. 958d
.

b of Manner, thus, A.Eu.45 ; ὅρα δὲ καὶ τ., ὅτι.. Pl.Phd. 79e
, cf. R. 433e, etc.

2 acc. neut. τόδε with ἱκάνω, etc., hither, to this spot, Il.14.298, Od.1.409, al. ; also δεῦρο τόδε Il.14.309
, Od.17.444, 524.

b therefore, on this account, τόδε χώεο 23.213
: so also acc. pl. neut.,
τάδε γηθήσειε
on this account, Il.9.77
.

3 dat. pl. neut., τοισίδε in or with these words, τοισίδε ἀμείβεται Hdt.1.120
; τοισίδε προέχει in these respects, ib.32.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὅδε

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Formed — Form Form (f[^o]rm), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Formed} (f[^o]rmd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Forming}.] [F. former, L. formare, fr. forma. See {Form}, n.] 1. To give form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to fashion. [1913 Webster] God formed man… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Åre (ski area) — Infobox ski area name= Åreskutan logo= picture= Åre kabinbana.jpg caption= location= Åre, Sweden nearest city= Åre, Sweden lat degrees= lat minutes= lat seconds= lat direction= long degrees= long minutes= long seconds= long direction= top… … Wikipedia
Åre Ski Area — Åreskutan Location Åre, Jämtland … Wikipedia
Are We Done Yet? — Infobox Film name = Are We Done Yet? image size = 200px caption = Promotional movie poster for the film director = Steve Carr producer = Steve Carr Derek Dauchy Todd Garner Neil A. Machlis Aaron Ray writer = Hank Nelken starring = Ice Cube Nia… … Wikipedia
Åre Municipality — Infobox Kommun2 name=Åre fullname=Åre kommun isocode= capital=Järpen governor= county=Jämtland County province=Jämtland arearank=11th area=7,263 areapercent=x.x population as of=2005 populationrank=217 population=9,821 populationpercent=x.x… … Wikipedia
are — {{11}}are (n.) square unit of 10 meters on each side, 1819, from French, formed 1795 by decree of the French National Convention, from L. area vacant piece of ground (see AREA (Cf. area)). {{12}}are (v.) present plural indicative of BE (Cf. be)… … Etymology dictionary
formed fillet — a portion cut from a block in such a way that it appears to be a natural fillet, although all such fillets are exactly the same size and shape … Dictionary of ichthyology

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с греческого на английский

are formed

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с греческого на английский

are formed

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